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a, \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2
0,1---------------->0,1----->0,05
\(m_{ct}=m_{KOH}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=m_K+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=96,2+3,9-0,05.2=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{100}.100\%=5,6\%\\ b,m_{dd}=100+50=150\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{150}.100\%=3,37\%\)
c, Gọi \(m_{H_2O}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6}{100+a}.100\%=2,8\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=100\left(g\right)\)
d, Gọi \(m_{KOH}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{5,6+a}{100+a}.100\%=22,4\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=21,65\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{18,8}{94}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: K2O + H2O --> 2KOH
0,2-->0,2---->0,4
mct = 0,4.56 = 22,4 (g)
mdm = 81,2 - 0,2.18 = 77,6 (g)
mdd = 22,4 + 77,6 = 100 (g)
b)
\(C\%=\dfrac{22,4}{100}.100\%=22,4\%\)
c)
\(C\%=\dfrac{22,4}{50+100}.100\%=14,933\%\)
d)
\(m_{dd\left(sau.khi.thêm\right)}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{11,2}=200\left(g\right)\)
=> mH2O(thêm) = 200 - 100 = 100 (g)
e) Gọi khối lượng KOH thêm là x (g)
Có: \(C\%_{\left(dd.sau.khi.thêm\right)}=\dfrac{22,4+x}{100+x}.100\%=30\%\)
=> x = 10,857 (g)
\(a,m_{ct}=30\left(g\right)\\ m_{dm}=120\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=120+30=150\left(g\right)\\ b,C\%_{đường}=\dfrac{30}{150}.100\%=20\%\\ c,C\%_{đường}=\dfrac{30}{150+50}.100\%=15\%\)
\(d,m_{dd}=\dfrac{30}{10\%}=300\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O\left(thêm\right)}=300-150=150\left(g\right)\)
e, Gọi \(m_{đường\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{30+a}{150+a}.100\%=30\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=21,4285\left(g\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{12+100}.100\%=13,125\%\)
Bài 10:
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 11:
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{12,4}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ n_{NaOH}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Sửa đề: 9,2 gam Na
\(a,n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,4------------------>0,8
\(\rightarrow C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6M\)
\(b,n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{37,6}{94}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
0,4----------------->0,8
\(\rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,8.56}{362,4+37,6}.100\%=11,2\%\)
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{99,4}{142}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)
0,7 2,1 1,4
a, \(m_{H_3PO_4}=1,4.98=137,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_3PO_4}=99,4+500=599,4\left(g\right)\)
Kl nước trong dd A :
\(m_{H_2O}=599,4-137,2=462,2\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C\%_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{137,2}{599,4}.100\%\approx22,89\%\)
\(c,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{1,4}{0,5}=2,8M\)
Bài 6: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.10}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)
4) Vì khối lượng chất tan không đổi nên ta có công thức sau:
C%1.mdd1=C%2.mdd2
-> 50%.10=C%2.100
-> C%2=50%.10:100=5(%)