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\(a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{13,6}.100\%\approx41,176\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}\approx58,824\%\\ b,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{13,6-0,1.56}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=2.\left(n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}\right)=2.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a
\(\text{Đ}\text{ặt}:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow24a+27.1,5a=12,9\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ Mg+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)MgCl_2\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}=95.0,2+0,3.133,5=59,05\left(g\right)\)
Đây là bài 1
B2:
\(n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ \text{Đ}\text{ặt}:n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\left(x,y>0\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,4\\1,5x+1,5y=0,45\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=27x+56y=27.0,2+56.0,1=11\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
TN1: Gọi (nAl; nZn; nFe) = (a; b; c)
=>27a + 65b + 56c = 20,4 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
b--------------------->b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> \(1,5a+b+c=0,45\) (2)
TN2: Gọi (nAl; nZn; nFe) = (ak; bk; ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,2 (3)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
ak-->1,5ak
Zn + Cl2 -to-> ZnCl2
bk--->bk
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
ck--->1,5ck
=> 1,5ak + bk + 1,5ck = 0,275 (4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\%Fe=\dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\%=54,9\%\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)
Bài 12:
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=1.5a+1.5b=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=0.2\)
\(m_X=0.2\cdot\left(56+27\right)=16.6\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=11(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,2(mol);y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\\ \%_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\% \end{cases}\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4(l)\)
