cho a,b,c là số thực dương chứng minh
\(\dfrac{2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\ge2\)
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Trước hết theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9abc\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\)) (1)
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+2abc^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2+abc\right)^2}{b^2c^2+2a^2bc}+\dfrac{\left(c^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2c^2+2ab^2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Áp dụng (1):
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left[2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)
\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2b+abc+a^2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2c+abc+b^2c}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+ac\left(a+c\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2
\(VT=\left(\sqrt{a^2}+\sqrt{b^2}+\sqrt{c^2}\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có
\(VT\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}+\sqrt{c}.\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ac=abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Xét \(a^4+b^4-(ab^3+a^3b)=(a-b)(a^3-b^3)\)
\(=(a-b)^2(a^2+ab+b^2)\geq 0\forall a,b> 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\geq ab^3+a^3b\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a^4+b^4)\geq (a^3+b^3)(a+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{ab(a^3+b^3)}\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3)(a+b)}{2ab(a^3+b^3)}=\frac{a+b}{2ab}=\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{ab(a^3+b^3)}+\frac{b^4+c^4}{bc(b^3+c^3)}+\frac{c^4+a^4}{ca(c^3+a^3)}\geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
1.
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b};\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{c}{c+a}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x=\dfrac{b}{b+a}\\1-y=\dfrac{c}{b+c}\\1-z=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{1}{8}\\ xyz=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\\ \Rightarrow xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\\ \Rightarrow2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{3}{4}+xy+yz+zx\)
\(\RightarrowĐpcm\)