Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37. The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.
The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.
The Arts and Crafts Movement reacts against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art. Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty.
In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.
It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have considered all of the following to be artists EXCEPT _________.
A. creators of textile designs
B. people who produce handmade glass objects
C. operators of machines that automatically cut legs, for furniture
D. metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry
1. so
2. but
3. otherwise
4. and
5. therefore
1. Minh is interested in painting, so yesterday he decided to join the arts and crafts club.
(Minh rất hứng thú với việc vẽ tranh, nên hôm qua cậu ấy quyết định tham gia câu lạc bộ nghệ thuật và thủ công.)
Giải thích: trước so và but đều có dấu phẩy nên ta xét theo nghĩa của hai mệnh đề. Ở đây là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân – kết quả nên ta chọn so.
2. Life in the city seems to be more comfortable, but I prefer life in the countryside.
(Cuộc sống ở thành phố có vẻ thoải mái hơn nhưng mình thích cuộc sống ở nông thôn hơn.)
Giải thích: otherwise là một liên từ nối hai mệnh đề theo nghĩa nếu không thì còn but là liên từ chỉ hai vế đối lập, nhưng otherwise thường sẽ đi chung với một dấu chấm phẩy và dấu phẩy, còn but thì chỉ cần một dấu phẩy. Và xét theo nghĩa của câu thì but là phù hợp.
3. She tries to focus more on her studies; otherwise, she won't pass her exams.
(Cô ấy cố gắng tập trung hơn vào việc học, nếu không cô ấy sẽ trượt bài kiểm tra.)
Giải thích: therefore là liên từ dùng để nối hai mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân kết quả, còn otherwise là một liên từ nối hai mệnh đề theo nghĩa nếu không thì, ở đây ta thấy giữa từ cần điền có một dấu chấm phẩy và một dấu phâu nên ta chọn otherwise.
4. During harvest time, farmers have to get up earlier, and they have to work harder.
(Trong mùa thu hoạch thì các nông dân thức dậy sớm hơn và họ phải làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)
Giải thích: hai mệnh đề trong câu trên là hai mệnh đề độc lập không phải mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân - kết quả nên ta chọn and.
5. Parents now have higher expectations of their children; therefore, children are under more pressure than before.
(Các bậc phụ huynh bây giờ họ kì vọng cao vào con mình nên bọn trẻ đang trở nên áp lực hơn bao giờ hết.)
Giải thích: Trong câu trên thì therefore và and đều là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề nguyên nhân và kết quả, tuy nhiên trước và sau chỗ cần điền ta thấy một dấu chấm phẩy và dấu phẩy nên ta cần điền từ therefore.