Cho hỗn hợp MgO và MgCO3 tác dụng với HCl 20% thì thu được 6,72 lít khí (đktc) và 38g muối . Tính thành phần phần trăm của MgO và MgCO3
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{38}{95}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,3<------0,6<------0,3<----0,3
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,1<---0,2<------0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,3.84=25,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,6+0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{20}=146\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
x______2x_____x_______x(mol)
MgCO3 + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
y___2y__________y______y(mol)
nMgCl2= 38/95=0,4(mol)
nCO2= 6,72/22,4= 0,3(mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=0,3\\x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMgO= 40.0,1=4(g)
mMgCO3= 0,3. 84= 25,2(g)
=> \(\%mMgO=\frac{4}{4+25,2}.100\approx13,699\%\\ \rightarrow\%mMgCO3\approx100\%-13,699\%\approx86,301\%\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgO\\MgCO_3\end{matrix}\right.+HCl\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgCl_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\\MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCO_3}=n_{MgCl_2\left(2\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{MgCl_2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=\frac{0,1.40}{0,1.40+0,3.84}.100\%=13,99\text{%}\)
\(\%m_{MgCO_3}=86,01\%\)
Bạn than khảo nhé!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(0,5---0,5----0,5---0,5-0,5\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
\(b---b----b-----b\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCO_3}=0,5.\left(24+12+16.3\right)=42\left(g\right)\)
\(\dfrac{m_{MgCO_3}}{m_{MgO}}=\dfrac{7}{3}\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=42.\dfrac{3}{7}=18\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=b=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45+0,5=0,95\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=\dfrac{0,95.98}{0,05}=1862\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.PTHH:\)
\(Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
\(MgO+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
b. ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=12-0,2.24=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{MgO}=\dfrac{7,2}{12}.100\%=60\%\)
c. Ta có: \(n_{hh}=0,2+\dfrac{7,2}{40}=0,38\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1,2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{hh}=2.0,38=0,76\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,76.36,5=27,74\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=138,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=126\left(ml\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,1.40}{10}.100=40\%\\\%m_{MgO}=100\%-40\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=2,775\%\\C\%_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: nMgCl2=\(\dfrac{38}{95}\)=0,4(mol);
nCO2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3(mol)
MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
(mol) 0,3 ← 0,3 ← 0,3
MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
(mol) 0,1 ← 0,1
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mMgO=0,1.40=4g\\mMgCO3=0,3.84=25,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>%mMgO=\(\dfrac{4}{29,2}\).100=13,7%
=>%m MgCO4=86,3%
Cho mình hỏi tại sao số mol của MgCl2 bên dưới bằng 0,1 vậy .