Cho \(a,b,c\) là ba số dương. Chứng minh rằng
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{36}{3a+2b+c}\).
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Lời giải:
\((3a+2b)(3a+2c)=16bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 9a^2+6a(b+c)=12bc\)
Theo BĐT Cô-si \(4bc\leq (b+c)^2\Rightarrow 9a^2+6a(b+c)\leq 3(b+c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 3a^2+2a(b+c)\leq (b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c)^2-3a^2-2a(b+c)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c)^2-9a^2-2a(b+c)+6a^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c-3a)(b+c+3a)-2a(b+c-3a)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c-3a)(b+c+a)\geq 0\)
Vì $a+b+c>0$ nên \(b+c-3a\geq 0\Rightarrow b+c\geq 3a\) (đpcm)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si và kết quả phần a:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{9a}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{9a}}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}\geq \frac{2}{3}+\frac{8.3a}{9a}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Ta có đpcm.
\(P=\dfrac{4a^2}{4b+2c}+\dfrac{4b^2}{4a+2c}+\dfrac{c^2}{4a+4b}\ge\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+c\right)^2}{8a+8b+4c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+c\right)^2}{4\left(2a+2b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2a+2b+c\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
a) Sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
b)
Thực hiện biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)+a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{3b}-\frac{a}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+ab+b^2-3ab}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)^2}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
c) BĐT sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
Nhìn qua đã biết là đề sai rồi bạn
Cho \(a,b,c\) các giá trị lớn ví dụ \(a=b=c=2\) là thấy sai ngay
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
BĐT trở thành:
\(\dfrac{y^2}{xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xy}+\dfrac{x^2}{yz}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3xyz\ge3x^2y+3y^2z+3z^2x\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(x^3+xy^2\right)+\left(y^3+yz^2\right)+\left(z^3+zx^2\right)+x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có ngay :
\(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{9}{3a}+\frac{4}{2b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(3+2+1\right)^2}{3a+2b+c}=\frac{36}{3a+2b+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Trước hết, ta chứng minh được \(\forall m,n,p\in R;x,y,z>0\)thì:
\(\frac{m^2}{x}+\frac{n^2}{y}+\frac{p^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(m+n+p\right)^2}{x+y+z}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{x}=\frac{n}{y}=\frac{p}{z}\)
Thật vậy: \(\forall m,n\in R;x,y>0\)thì:
\(\frac{m^2}{x}+\frac{n^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{x+y}\left(2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m^2y}{xy}+\frac{n^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m^2y+n^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(m+n\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2xy+m^2y^2+n^2x^2+n^2xy\ge xy\left(m^2+2mn+m^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2xy+n^2xy+m^2y^2+n^2x^2\ge m^2xy+2mnxy+n^2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2xy+n^2xy+m^2y^2+n^2x^2-m^2xy-2mnxy-n^2xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2y^2-2mnxy+n^2x^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(my-nx\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{x}=\frac{n}{y}\)
Áp dụng bất dẳng thức (2), ta được:
\(\frac{m^2}{x}+\frac{n^2}{y}+\frac{p^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{x+y}+\frac{p^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(m+n+p\right)^2}{x+y+z}\forall m,n,p\in R;x,y,z>0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{x}=\frac{n}{y}=\frac{p}{z}\)
Theo đề bài, vì \(a,b,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1), ta được:
\(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{3^2}{3a}+\frac{2^2}{2b}+\frac{1^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(3+2+1\right)^2}{3a+2b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{6^2}{3a+2b+c}=\frac{36}{3a+2b+c}\)(điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a}=\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow6a=9b=18c\)
Vậy với \(a,b,c>0\)thì \(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{36}{3a+2b+c}\)