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\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: R + 2HCl --> RCl2 + H2
0,12<-0,24<---------0,12
=> \(M_R=\dfrac{7,8}{0,12}=65\left(Zn\right)\)
=> Kim loại cần tìm là Kẽm
b) nNaOH = 0,08.2 = 0,16 (mol)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
0,16--->0,16
=> nHCl = 0,16 + 0,24 = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(ddHCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1M\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,27 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> mmuối = 5,85 + 0,27.36,5 - 0,135.2 = 15,435 (g)
b) VH2 = 3,024 (l) (Theo đề bài)
c)
Hỗn hợp kim loại gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:a\left(mol\right)\\X:3a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 27a + MX.3a = 5,85
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
3a------------------->3a
=> 1,5a + 3a = 0,135
=> a = 0,03 (mol)
=> MX = 56 (g/mol)
=> X là Fe
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
a)
$X + 2HCl \to XCl_2 + H_2$
$2Y + 6HCl \to 2YCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = \dfrac{47,45}{36,5} = 1,3(mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,65(mol)$
$\Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,65.22,4 = 14,56(lít)$
b) Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{muối} = 12,9 + 1,3.36,5 - 0,65.2 = 59,05(gam)$
c) Gọi $n_X = a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Al} = 1,5a(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + 1,5a.\dfrac{3}{2} = 0,65(mol) \Rightarrow a = 0,2$
$\Rightarrow m_{hh} = 0,2.X + 0,2.1,5.27 = 12,9$
$\Rightarrow X = 24(Magie)$
a) Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R
\(n_R=\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 2nHCl --> 2RCln + nH2
\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)
=> \(M_{RCl_n}=M_R+35,5n=\dfrac{37,38}{\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}}\)
=> \(M_R=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 1 => MR = 9(Loại)
Xét n = 2 => MR = 18 (Loại)
Xét n = 3 => MR = 27(g/mol) => R là Al (Nhôm)
b)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,56}{27}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,28-->0,84--->0,28--->0,42
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,42.22,4=9,408\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,84.36,5=30,66\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{30,66.100}{12}=255,5\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 7,56 + 255,5 - 0,42.2 = 262,22 (g)
=> \(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{37,38}{262,22}.100\%=14,255\%\)