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$a)PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2$
$\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{12}.100\%=46,67\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-46,67=53,33\%$
$b)n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7(g)$
$c)n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M$
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 22 (1)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.1=0,3mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,15 ( mol )
\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=9,1.2,7=6,4g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
nHCl = 0,3 . 1 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 <--- 0,3 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,15
mAl = 0,1 . 27 = 2,7 (g(
mCu = 9,1 - 2,7 = 6,4 (g)
VH2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,6.36,5=21,9(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{21,9}{28\%}=78,21(g)\\ b,n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2(g)\\ \Rightarrow {\%}_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{18}.100{\%}=40\%\\ \Rightarrow {\%}_{Ag}=60\%\)
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b
\(m_{Cu}=m_B=6,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=17,4-6,4=11\left(g\right)\)
=> 27a + 56b = 11
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------>1,5a
=> 1,5a + b = 0,4
=> a = 0,2; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Al}=12-0,2.27=6,4\left(g\right)\)
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3(mol)$
$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{24,6}.100\%=21,95\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-21,95=78,05\%$
$b)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)$
$c)n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M$