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a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)
\(c,n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=10,2(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ d,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\)
⇒ mCu = 9 - 2,6 = 6,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{9}.100\%\approx28,89\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx71,11\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\%\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,8\\24a+56b=25,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,6\cdot24=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{14,4}{25,6}\cdot100\%=56,25\%\\\%m_{Fe}=43,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=1,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)=800ml\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot90=18\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\cdot58=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kếttủa}=18+34,8=52,8\left(g\right)\)