Exercise 4: [●●○]
Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frame of an object, each slightly different than the proceeding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.
In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequences of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that defines the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques from three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures.
High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.
A camera can be used to film directly from the computer’s display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computers the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is replaced for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time – consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.
Question 1: What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The production procession B. The equipment needed C. The high cost D. The role of the artist
Question 2: According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the
.
A. first frame B. middle frames C. last frame D. entire sequences of frames
Question 3: The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to .
A. formulas B. objects C. numbers D. database
Question 4: According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to .
A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time
C. store individual images D. create new frames
Question 5: According to the passage, the positions and colors of the figures in high-tech animation are determined by .
A. drawing several versions B. enlarging one frame at a lime
C. analyzing the sequence from different angles D. using computer calculations
Question 6: The word “captures” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers
Question 7: The word “Once” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. before B. since C. after D. while
Question 8: According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?
A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.
B. They hand-draw successive frames.
C. They calculate high-resolutions images.
D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.
Question 9: The word “task” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. possibility B. position C. time D. job
Question 10: Which of the following statement is supported by the passage?
A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation.
B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.
C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.
D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.
22. Do the exercise!
A. Exercise be done!
B. Let the exercise be done!
C. The exercise is done.
D. The exercise will be done.
28. The clothes need…….before I come back home.
A. to wash B. washing C. being washed D. wash
29. The walls need…….before Tet holiday.
A. to paint B. being painted C. to be painting D. to be painted
31. Open the window!
A. The window was opened.
B. The window must be opened.
C. Let window open
D. The window should be opening.
32. The man was seen ……. a red car near the scene of the accident.
A. to driving B. drive C. driving D. drove
35. I really hate……. by salespeople when I'm shopping.
A. to have pestered B. to pester C. being pestered D. pestering
36. I ‘ll get my father…….this job for you.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
38. My mother suggested that I clean the house.
A. I was suggested that I clean the house.
B. It was suggested that the house was cleaned.
C. It was suggested that I clean the house.
D. It was suggested that the house should be cleaned.
40. The man was heard……. goodbye to his girlfriend.
A. to say B. being said C. said D. to be said
9. The bookshop ……. send the orders soon. Other wise the studens will not be able to receive their books before the school starts
A. is to suppose B. is supposed to C. was supposed to
D. is being supposed to
13. Maria and Joseph …….care of by their aunt during the Christmas holidays.
A. will be taken B. will have taken C. will take D. will have been taken
16. The first events …….were the acrobats and the clown show.
A. been announced B. be announced C. to have been announced
D. to be announced
18. A school …….in this area by the government next year.
A. is going to be built B. are being built C. is built D. is going to build
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