Cho x,y là hai số thực khác 0. Chứng minh: \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\)
Nhớ là số thực chứ ko phải số dương nha, thử lại đúng rồi.
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\(\Sigma\frac{x^3}{y^2}=\Sigma\frac{x}{y^2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\Sigma z\left(x^3-yz^2\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\Sigma\frac{x^2}{y}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đến đây có 2 cách giải quyết
Cách 1:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{x^2y^2}\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Cách 2 là đặt ẩn:)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\ge2\Rightarrow t+1>0;t-2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\le-2\Rightarrow t+1< 0;t-2< 0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)>0\)
=> đpcm
Áp dụng bất đẳn thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=\)\(\left[\frac{a^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2}\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}.\sqrt{x}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}.\sqrt{y}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}.\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{m^2y+n^2x}{xy}>=\left(\frac{m^2+2mn+n^2}{x+y}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(m^2y+n^2x\right).\left(x+y\right)>=\left(m^2+2mn+n^2\right).xy\)(vì x,y,m^2,n^2 >= 0)
<=> m2xy + n2xy + m2y2 + n2x2 >= m2xy + n2xy + 2mnxy
<=> n2x2 + m2y2 >= 2mnxy (luôn đúng) (bất đẳng thức cosi).
Vậy ....
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow Q.E.D\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
\(gt\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\)thì \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2\)và \(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6\)
Giải:
Ta có: \(x^2+1\ge2\sqrt{x^2\cdot1}=2x\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế ta được: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)(1)
Lại có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)(2)
Cộng (1), (2) theo vế ta được:
\(3P+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)=2\cdot6=12\)
\(\Rightarrow3P\ge9\Leftrightarrow P\ge3\)
MinP = 3 khi a = b = c = 1 hay x = y = z = 1
Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
`(x-y)^2>=0`
`<=>x^2-2xy+y^2>=0`
`<=>x^2+y^2>=2xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=4xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=16`
`<=>x+y>=4(đpcm)`
\(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}=\dfrac{x+3+y+3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(y+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)(vì \(xy=4\))
=> \(\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(5\left(x+y+6\right)\)≤\(2\left(3x+3y+13\right)\)
<=>\(6x+6y+26-5x-5y-30\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(x+y-4\)≥\(0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{ab}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{xy}\)
<=>\(x+y\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{xy}\)
=>2\(\sqrt{xy}-4\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(4-4\)≥0
<=>0≥0 ( Luôn đúng )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}=2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2}{xy}}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{2}{xy}}\le1\Leftrightarrow xy\ge2\)
\(5x^2+y-4xy+y^2=\left(2x-y\right)^2+x^2+y\)
\(\ge x^2+y=x^2+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy\right)^2}{4}}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=2\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-xy}{y^2}+\frac{y^2-xy}{x^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\)