Cho a , b , c , d > 0 . Cmr
\(\Sigma\dfrac{a^3}{b+c+d}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{3}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+2c+3d}+\dfrac{b}{c+2d+3a}+\dfrac{c}{d+2a+3b}+\dfrac{d}{a+2b+3c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2bd+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{cd+2ac+3bc}+\dfrac{d^2}{ad+2bd+3cd}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ad+bc+bd+ca+cd\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
*Chứng minh \(4\left(ab+ad+bc+bd+ca+cd\right)\le\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\)
Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(1+x^3+y^3\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3}=3xy\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}; \frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT thu được:
\(\text{VT}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\geq 3\sqrt[6]{\frac{27}{x^2y^2z^2}}=3\sqrt[6]{27}=3\sqrt{3}\) (Cauchy)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Câu 4:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{3}{y}\right)(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1.(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\Rightarrow x+y\geq 5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=2+\sqrt{6}; y=3+\sqrt{6}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}.\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}=1\)
\(a^2+b^2\geq 2ab\Rightarrow \frac{3(a^2+b^2)}{4ab}\geq \frac{6ab}{4ab}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế hai BĐT trên:
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\) hay \(B_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+d}+\dfrac{d^2}{a+d}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+d+d+a}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+b^2}=\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Cmtt \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{b^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{c^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế của bất đẳng thức:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Cmtt\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\\ \ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-\dfrac{b}{2}+b-\dfrac{c}{2}+c-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2.ab.b^2}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại ta sẽ có đpcm
Áp dụng cauchy-schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+e}+\dfrac{d}{e+a}+\dfrac{e}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^2}{cd+ce}+\dfrac{d^2}{ed+ad}+\dfrac{e^2}{ae+be}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de}\)
Giờ chỉ cần chứng minh
\(ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de\le\dfrac{2}{5}\left(a+b+c+d+e\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de\le2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+e^2\right)\)
điều này hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM:
\(ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2};ac\le\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{2};ad\le\dfrac{a^2+d^2}{2}...\)
Cứ vậy ta thu được đpcm .Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=d=e
P/s: : ]
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{b^3}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{d^3}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac+ad}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab+bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc+cd}+\dfrac{d^4}{ad+bd+cd}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\) (bđt Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+3d^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\) *đúng*
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d