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a)
Gọi $n_{CO_2} = a(mol)$
$Ba(OH)_2 + CO_2 \to BaCO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{BaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = a(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 197a - 44a = 1,53 \Rightarrow a = 0,01(mol)$
Suy ra :
$V = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224(lít)$
$m_{BaCO_3} = 0,01.197 = 1,97(gam)$
b)
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = n_{CO_2} = 0,01(mol)$
$m_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,01.171 = 1,71(gam)$
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{237,36.25\%}{74}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x là số mol CO2 phản ứng
Ta có : \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_3^{2-}}=n_{OH^-}-n_{CO_2}=1,6-x\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=m_{ddbd}+m_{CO_2}-m_{kếttua}\)
=> \(248,46=237,36+x.44+\left(1,6-x\right).100\)
=> x= 1,19
=> \(V=1,19.22,4=26,656\left(lít\right)\)
Bài 32:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\) → Pư tạo 2 muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,15\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,05.100=5\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) > mCaCO3 → m dd tăng.
Bài 33:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6.0,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=1,33\) → Pư tạo muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,4\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,4.44 = 17,6 (g) < mCaCO3 → m dd giảm.
1.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.1}{0.075}=1.33\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(a+b=0.075\)
\(a+2b=0.1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{sp}=0.05\cdot100+0.025\cdot162=9.05\left(g\right)\)
2.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.2\cdot0.2=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.005}{0.04}=1.25\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.04\)
\(a+2b=0.05\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.03\\b=0.01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=0.03\cdot197=5.91\left(g\right)\)
Đáp án D
n C = n C O 2 = n B a C O 3 = 29 , 55 197 = 0 , 15 ( m o l ) m g i ả m = m B a C O 3 - m C O 2 + m H 2 O = 19 , 35 ⇒ m C O 2 + m H 2 O = 10 , 2 g a m m H 2 O = 10 , 2 - 0 , 15 . 44 = 3 , 6 ( g a m ) ⇒ n H 2 O = 3 , 6 18 = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ⇒ n H = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) n C : n H = 0 , 15 : 0 , 4 = 3 : 8 ⇒ C T P T : C 3 H 8
nC : nH = 0,15 : 0,4 = 3 : 8 Þ CTPT: C3H8
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