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\(a)n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a +27b = 5,1(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,1 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% = 44,44\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% -44,44\% = 55,56\%\\ b) n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,1.133,5 = 13,35(gam)\\ c)n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%} = 500(gam)\)
\(m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,1 + 500 - 0,25.2 = 504,6(gam)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{9,5}{504,6}.100\% = 1,89\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{13,35}{504,6}.100\% = 2,65\%\)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a -> a
2Al + 6 HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b-> 1,5b
theo đề bài ta có :
nH2 = 8,96 : 22,4 = 0,4
gọi số mol của Mg và Al lần lượt là a,b
ta có phương trình
24a+27b = 7,8
a+1,5b = 0,4
giải phương trình ta có a=0,1 : b=0,2
ta có mMg= 0,1*24=2,4 g => % Mg = 2,4: 7,8 *100 \(\approx\) 30 , 8 %
mAl = 0,2*27=5,4 g => %AL = 5,4:7,8*100 \(\approx\)69,2 %
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)
a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 27x + 24y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: m dd tăng = mKL - mH2 ⇒ mH2 = 7,8 - 7 = 0,8 (g)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,23\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=309,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=309,6-300=9,6\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 11,84
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b-->2b-------->b------>b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,56
=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
