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\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{50}}\)
\(5M=5\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{50}}\right)\)
\(5M=1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{5^{49}}\)
\(5M-M=\left(1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{5^{49}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{50}}\right)\)
\(4M=1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}\)
\(M=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}}{4}< \frac{1}{4}=0,25\)
Đpcm
Bài 4:
Giải:
Vì Om là tia phân giác của góc xOz nên:
mOz = 1/2.xOz
Vì On là tia phân giác của góc zOy nên:
zOn = 1/2 . zOy
Ta có: xOz + zOy = 180o ( kề bù )
=> 1/2(xOz + zOy) = 1/2 . 180o
=> 1/2.xOz + 1/2.zOy = 90o
=> mOz + zOn = 90o
=> mOn = 90o (đpcm)
Bài 2:
7^6 + 7^5 - 7^4 = 7^4.( 7^2 + 7 - 1 ) = 7^4 . 55 chia hết cho 55
Vậy 7^6 + 7^5 - 7^4 chia hết cho 55
A = 1 + 5 + 5^2 + ... + 5^50
=> 5A = 5 + 5^2 + 5^3 + ... + 5^51
=> 5A - A = ( 5 + 5^2 + 5^3 + ... + 5^51 ) - ( 1 + 5 + 5^2 + ... + 5^50 )
=> 4A = 5^51 - 1
=> A = ( 5^51 - 1 )/4
\(A=\left[\frac{1\frac{11}{31}\cdot4\frac{3}{7}-\left(15-6\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{19}\right)}{4\frac{5}{6}+\frac{1}{6}\left(12-5\frac{1}{3}\right)}\cdot\left(-1\frac{14}{93}\right)\right]\cdot\frac{31}{50}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{\frac{42}{31}\cdot\frac{31}{7}-\left(15-\frac{19}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{19}\right)}{4\frac{5}{6}+\frac{1}{6}\left(12-\frac{16}{3}\right)}\cdot\left(-\frac{107}{93}\right)\right]\cdot\frac{31}{50}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{6-\left(15-\frac{2}{3}\right)}{\frac{29}{6}+\frac{10}{9}}\cdot\left(-\frac{107}{93}\right)\right]\cdot\frac{31}{50}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{6-\frac{43}{3}}{\frac{107}{18}}\cdot\left(-\frac{107}{93}\right)\right]\cdot\frac{31}{50}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{-\frac{25}{3}}{\frac{107}{18}}\cdot\left(-\frac{107}{93}\right)\right]\cdot\frac{31}{50}\)
\(A=\frac{50}{31}\cdot\frac{31}{50}=1\)
\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {7 - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3}} \right) - \left( {6 - \frac{4}{3} + \frac{6}{5}} \right) - \left( {2 - \frac{8}{5} + \frac{5}{3}} \right)\\A = 7 - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3} - 6 + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{6}{5} - 2 + \frac{8}{5} - \frac{5}{3}\\A = \left( {7 - 6 - 2} \right) + \left( { - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{6}{5} + \frac{8}{5}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{5}{3}} \right)\\A = - 1 + 0 + 0 = - 1\end{array}\)
Chú ý:
Trong phép tính chỉ có phép cộng trừ, ta có thể đổi chỗ các số hạng tùy ý kèm theo dấu của chúng.
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5}} \right) - \left( {7 - \frac{3}{5} - \frac{4}{3}} \right) - \left( {\frac{1}{5} + \frac{5}{3} - 4} \right).\\A = \left( {\frac{{30}}{{15}} + \frac{5}{{15}} - \frac{6}{{15}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{{105}}{{15}} - \frac{9}{{15}} - \frac{{20}}{{15}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{3}{{15}} + \frac{{25}}{{15}} - \frac{{60}}{{15}}} \right)\\A = \frac{{29}}{{15}} - \frac{{76}}{{15}} - \left( {\frac{{ - 32}}{{15}}} \right)\\A = \frac{{29}}{{15}} - \frac{{76}}{{15}} + \frac{{32}}{{15}}\\A = \frac{{ - 15}}{{15}}\\A = - 1\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5}} \right) - \left( {7 - \frac{3}{5} - \frac{4}{3}} \right) - \left( {\frac{1}{5} + \frac{5}{3} - 4} \right)\\A = 2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5} - 7 + \frac{3}{5} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{1}{5} - \frac{5}{3} + 4\\A = \left( {2 - 7 + 4} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{5}{3}} \right) + \left( { - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{3}{5} - \frac{1}{5}} \right)\\A = - 1 + 0 + 0 = - 1\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\left( {\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{6}} \right):\frac{5}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{8}} \right):\frac{5}{2}\\ = \left( {\frac{4}{6} + \frac{1}{6}} \right).\frac{4}{5} + \left( {\frac{2}{8} + \frac{3}{8}} \right).\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{5}{6}.\frac{4}{5} + \frac{5}{8}.\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4}\\ = \frac{8}{{12}} + \frac{3}{{12}}\\ = \frac{{11}}{{12}}\\b)\frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{1}{{11}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{2}{7}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{2}{{22}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{4}{{14}}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\frac{{ - 3}}{{22}} + \frac{7}{4}.\frac{{ - 3}}{{14}}\\ = \frac{5}{9}.\frac{{ - 22}}{3} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 110}}{{27}} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 880}}{{216}} + \frac{{ - 81}}{{216}}\\ = \frac{{ - 961}}{{216}}\end{array}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)
\(5M=1+\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{48}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}\)
5M - M = \(1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)hay 4M = \(1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)< 1
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}}{4}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)(1)
\(\Rightarrow5M=1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}\)(2)
Lấy (2)-(1) ta có
\(\Rightarrow4M=1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}}{4}\)
Do \(1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{4}\)