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BĐt phụ : \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
c/m :\(3a^2-3ab+3b^2\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)
↔\(2a^2-4ab+2b^2\ge0\)
↔\(2\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Giải ;
ta có:\(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}=\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)=0\)
→\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)(1)
mà \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)
↔\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)
tương tự ta có:\(\frac{b^3+c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(b+c\right)\);\(\frac{c^3+a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+c\right)\)
cộng vế vs vế ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
từ (1)→\(2\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
↔ \(S\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)(đặt S luôn cho tiện)
dấu = xảy ra khi BĐt ở đầu đúng :\(\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\)mà a+b+c=3↔a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(P=\Sigma\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a =b =c = 1.
True?
Ta có :
\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng BĐT cô-si, ta có \(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+ab}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=2\frac{a^2+b^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}\)
tương tự thì \(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2=x\\b^2+c^2=y\\c^2+a^2=z\end{cases}}\)
ta có \(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}+2\left(\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+yx}+\frac{z^2}{zx+zy}\right)\)
=>\(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+2.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}+2.\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}+3=\frac{9}{2}\)
dấu xảy ra <>a=b=c>0
Vậy ...
^_^
1/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel :
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}=\frac{3}{3}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\frac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\frac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(\ge\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
bài này easy thôi:
Áp dụng BĐT schwarz ta có:
\(VT=\frac{a^4}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{c\left(c^2+ac+a^2\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ac+a^2\right)}.\)
Mặt khác \(a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ac+a^2\right)\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).\)
nên ta có:\(VT\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}=a^2+b^2+c^2.\)
Mà ta có BĐT cơ bản là:\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge1\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}.\)
Do đó:\(VT\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}.\)
Vậy Min là \(\frac{1}{3}.\)Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}.\)