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4.
Xét biểu thức : \(1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}=1^2+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+2\left(\frac{k-\left(k-1\right)-1}{k\left(k-1\right)}\right)=1^2+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k\left(k-1\right)}\right)=\left(1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)}-\frac{1}{k}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}}=\left|1+\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}\right|\)
Áp dụng : \(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}}=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
...............................................................
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2015^2}+\frac{1}{2016^2}}=1+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
Cộng vế các đẳng thức trên được : \(B=2016-\frac{1}{2016}\)
ý thứ 2 là 8/7 chứ không phải 8/8 các bạn nhé. M đánh nhầm chữ
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)(*)
Theo bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{1+x^2}+\frac{y^2}{1+y^2}\)(1); \(\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}\le\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+1}\)(2); \(\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\)\(\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\right)=3\)
Như vậy (*) đúng
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1
\(\frac{1-xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2-y^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2-x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-xy+3x^2-2y^2-2y^2+x}{\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)+x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)
Vì x2 và y2 >0
\(\Rightarrow2+\frac{x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
vì x+y+z=1nên
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\)\(\frac{x+y+z}{x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y}+\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)\(=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)=\(3+\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{yz}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\)
nen \(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) =\(\left(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2}{4xy}\right)+\left(\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{4yz}\right)+\left(\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)(dpcm)
dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/3
gọi A là VT
Ta có : \(A=\left[\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)-x^4y^4\right]+\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(x^{16}+y^{16}\right)-2x^2y^2\right]-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si,ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}2\sqrt{\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}.\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}}=x^4y^4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^{10}}{y^2}+\frac{y^{10}}{x^2}\right)-x^4y^4\ge0\)
\(\frac{x^{16}+y^{16}}{4}\ge\frac{x^8y^8}{2}=\left(\frac{x^8y^8}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^8y^8}{16}}-\frac{3}{2}==2x^2y^2-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\left(x^{16}+y^{16}\right)-2x^2y^2\ge\frac{-3}{2}\)
Từ đó ta có : \(A\ge0-\frac{3}{2}-1=\frac{-5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x^2y^2=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\pm1}\)
\(\left(\frac{x-y}{2y-x}-\frac{x^2+y^2+y-2}{x^2-xy-2y^2}\right):\frac{4x^4+4x^2y+y^2-4}{x^2+y+xy+x}:\frac{1}{2x^2+y+2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x-y}{2y-x}+\frac{x^2+y^2+y-2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}\right):\frac{\left(y+2x^2+2\right)\left(y+2x^2-2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y\right)}:\frac{1}{2x^2+y+2}\)
\(=\frac{y+2x^2-2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}.\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+2x^2+2\right)\left(y+2x^2-2\right)}.\left(2x^2+y+2\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+1\right)}{\left(2y-x\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{2x^2+y^2+z^2}{4-yz}+\dfrac{2y^2+z^2+x^2}{4-xz}+\dfrac{2z^2+x^2+y^2}{4-xy}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\dfrac{4y\sqrt{xz}}{4-xz}+\dfrac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\dfrac{4y\sqrt{xz}}{4-xz}+\dfrac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\ge4xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{yz\left(4-yz\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xz}}{xz\left(4-xz\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{xy\left(4-xy\right)}\ge1\)
Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-SChwarz ta có:
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\left(1+1+1\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\)
Đăt \(\left(\sqrt{xy};\sqrt{yz};\sqrt{xz}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a,b,c>0\\a+b+c\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b^2\left(4-b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c\left(4-c^2\right)}\ge1\left(\odot\right)\)
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\dfrac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}\le-\dfrac{1}{9}a+\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2-2a-9\right)}{9a\left(a-2\right)\left(a+2\right)}\le0\forall0< a\le1\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT_{\left(\odot\right)}\ge\dfrac{-\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}+\dfrac{4}{9}\cdot3\ge\dfrac{-3}{9}+\dfrac{12}{9}=1=VP_{\left(\odot\right)}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)