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\(x^6+\left(y^6+15y^4+75y^2+125\right)+z^3-3x^2y^2z-15x^2z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^6+\left(y^2+5\right)^3+z^3=3x^2\left(y^2+5\right)z\)
Ta có:
\(x^6+\left(y^2+5\right)^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^6\left(y^2+5\right)^3z^3}=3x^2\left(y^2+5\right)z\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(x^2=y^2+5=z\)
Từ \(x^2=y^2+5\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;2\right)\Rightarrow z=9\)
Vậy có đúng 1 bộ số nguyên dương thỏa mãn pt:
\(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(3;2;9\right)\)
\(3x^2+6y^2+2z^2+3y^2z^2-18x=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-3\right)^2+6y^2+2z^2+3y^2z^2=33\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-3\right)^2\le33\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2\le11\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;9\right\}\)
Thế lần lược vô giải tiếp sẽ ra
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
<=>3(x2-6x+9)+6y2+2z2+3y2z2=33
<=>3(x-3)2+6y2+2z2+3y2z2=33
nhận thấy 3(x-3)2;6y2;3y2z2 chia hết cho
=>2z2 chia hết cho 3=>z chia hết cho 3
giả sử trong 4 số đó không số nào =0
=>\(3\left(x-3\right)^2\ge3;6y^2\ge6;2z^2\ge18;3y^2z^2\ge27\Rightarrow3\left(x-3\right)^2+6y^2+2z^2+3y^2z^2\ge54\)(vô lí)
với x-3=0
=>x=3
pt trở thành 6y2+2z2+3y2z2=6
<=>(3y2+2)(z2+2)=10
với y=0
=>3(x-3)2+2z2=33 (đến đây thid dễ rồi)
với z=0=>3(x-3)2+6y2=33
=>(x-3)2+2y2=11
\(x^2-2xy-3y^2=3x-y+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy-3x-3y^2+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(2y+3\right)-3y^2+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x\left(2y+3\right)+\left(2y+3\right)^2-\left(2y+3\right)^2-12y^2+4y-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-4y^2-12y-9-12y^2+4y-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-16y^2-8y-17=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(16y^2+8y+1\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(4y+1\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-6y-4\right)\left(2x+2y-2\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)=4\)
Đến đây bn tự giải nha
đoạn cuối là \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-1\right)=4\)
Dễ thấy \(z^2\)chia hết cho 3 \(\Rightarrow z⋮3\Rightarrow z^2⋮9\)
* Xét \(z^2=0\), ta có \(3x^2+6y^2-18x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-3\right)^2+6y^2=33\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+2y^2=11\)
\(2y^2\le11\Rightarrow y^2\le2^2\Rightarrow y^2=0^2;1^2;2^2\)
\(+y^2=0^2\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=11\)(vô lí)
\(+y^2=1^2\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=3^2\Rightarrow x-3=\pm3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=6\)hoặc \(x=0\)
Có các nghiệm \(\left(x=6;y=1;z=0\right)\) \(\left(x=6;y=-1;z=0\right)\)
\(\left(x=0;y=1;z=0\right)\) \(\left(x=0;y=-1;z=0\right)\)
\(+y^2=2^2\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=3\)( vô lí)
* Xét \(z^2\ge9\) ta có: \(3x^2+6y^2+2z^2+3y^2z^2-18x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-3\right)^2+6y^2+2z^2+3y^2z^2=33\)
\(+y^2\ge1\)thì \(2z^2+3y^2z^2\ge2.9+3.1.9>33\)(loại)
\(+y^2=0\)thì \(3\left(x-3\right)^2+2z=33\)
\(z^2=9\)thì \(3\left(x-3\right)^2=15\)(loại)
\(z^2>9\Rightarrow z^2\ge6^2=36\)
Ta có \(3\left(x-3\right)^2+2z^2>33\)(loại)
Nghiệm nguyên của ptrình là:
\(\left(x=6;y=1;z=0\right)\) \(\left(x=6;y=-1;z=0\right)\)
\(\left(x=0;y=1;z=0\right)\) \(\left(x=0;y=-1;z=0\right)\)