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a) Vế trái \(=\dfrac{1.3.5...39}{21.22.23...40}=\dfrac{1.3.5.7...21.23...39}{21.22.23....40}=\dfrac{1.3.5.7...19}{22.24.26...40}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.3.5.7....19}{2.11.2.12.2.13.2.14.2.15.2.16.2.17.2.18.2.19.2.20}\\ =\dfrac{1.3.5.7.9.....19}{\left(1.3.5.7.9...19\right).2^{20}}=\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) Vế trái
\(=\dfrac{1.3.5...\left(2n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right).\left(n+3\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1.2.3.4.5.6...\left(2n-1\right).2n}{2.4.6...2n.\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1.2.3.4...\left(2n-1\right).2n}{2^n.1.2.3.4...n.\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...2n}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2^n}.\\ \left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
\(M=\frac{1.2.3.4.5.6.7...(2n-1)}{2.4.6...(2n-2).(n+1)(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2.1.2.2.2.3...2(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)...2n}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).n(n+1)..(2n-1).2}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.(2n-1)!.2}=\frac{1}{2^{n-1}.2}<\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
A = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.4 + 3.4.5.4 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2).4
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4(5 - 1) + 3.4.5.(6 - 2)+ ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)[(n + 3) - (n - 1)]
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.5 - 1.2.3.4 + 3.4.5.6 - 2.3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) - (n-1)n(n+1)(n+2)
4A = n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
A = n(n + 1)(n+2)(n + 3) : 4
$\frac{1.3.5...(2n-1)}{(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)}=\frac{1}{2^n}(*)$
Với $n=1$ thì $(*)\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $(*)$ đúng với $n=1$
Giả sử với $n=k$,$ k\in \mathbb{N^*}$ thì $(*)$ đúng, tức là:
$\frac{1.3.5...(2k-1)}{(k+1)(k+2)...(k+k)}=\frac{1}{2^k}$
Ta cần chứng minh với $n=k+1$ thì $(*)$ đúng, tức là:
$\frac{1.3.5...(2k+1)}{(k+2)(k+3)...(2k+2)}=\frac{1}{2^{k+1}}=\frac{1}{2^k}.\frac{1}{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1.3.5...(2k+1)}{(k+2)(k+3)...(2k+2)}=\frac{1.3.5...(2k-1)}{2(k+1)(k+2)...(k+k)}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1.3.5...(2k-1)2k(2k+1)}{(k+2)(k+3)...2k(2k+1)(2k+2)}=\frac{1.3.5...(2k-1)}{2(k+1)(k+2)...2k}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{2k(2k+1)}{2k(2k+1)(2k+2)}=\frac{1}{2(k+1)}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{(2k+2)}=\frac{1}{2(k+1)}$
Do đó với $n=k+1$ thì $(*)$ đúng
$\Rightarrow \frac{1.3.5...(2n-1)}{(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)}=\frac{1}{2^n}$
thanks bạn