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A great deal of what you write is intended to convince the reader that you have an important point to make. When you write a letter applying for a job you want to convince the reader that you are the right person for the job. When you write a review of a film you want to convince the reader that you have something important to say about the film, and maybe you recommend it, or, on the other hand, suggest that it is not worth seeing. In an essay on some aspect of American government you want to convince the reader that you can answer the questions that have been posed and that you can throw light on specific aspects of American government. In all these three examples you want to show your reader that you have something sensible and important to say about the topic that is under discussion.You do this by arguing your case. You offer “a line of argument” keeping it within the framework of the chosen topic. For example, your letter of application for a job has a presentation of yourself and your qualifications as its framework. “You” are the topic! It might therefore be relevant to mention your hobbies in your letter. If you are applying for a job in a bookshop it would be sensible to point out that reading is one of your hobbies, if it is. You include this in the line of argument running through the letter, perhaps giving this information after you have listed your education and other formal qualifications. You do not, however, spend a paragraph writing about your brother’s or sister’s hobbies. That would be irrelevant. Information about them falls outside the framework you have constructed.
Similarly, if the topic is American government and the question is “Does the President have too much power?” you do not write about American geography or American sports. You write about the mechanics of political power in the USA, showing step by step whether, in your view, the President does or does not have too much power.
You must, then, avoid irrelevance. Keep a sharp focus on your topic.
TEST 1
To do well at school, college or university you usually need to do well in exams. “All students hate exams” may be a generalization, but it is fairly true one. Certainly, all of the students I’ve known disliked doing exams, None of them thought that the exam system was fair; to do well in a exam you simply had to be able to predict the questions which would be asked, This was the case as regards tow students in my class at college. Botyh of them were exceptionally bright, but in the final year “exam” neither of them got an a grade. In fact, they both got Cs. The exam had tested us on questions which had come up the previous year. They had both assumed that the same questions wouldn’t come up again, and hadn’t prepared for them.
1) Students need to do well in exams __________.
a. In order to do well at school.
b. Because they need to do well at school.
c. So that to do well at school.
d. Therefore they have to do well at school.
2) The stastement “ All students hate exams” is _________.
a. extremely true b. completely true
c. quite true d. very true
3) Which of the following sentences is not true?
a. All of the students the writer has known thought that the exam system was unfair.
b. To do well in an exam you simly had the ability to predict the questions which would be asked.
c. None of the students the writer has known disliked doing exams.
d. “ All students hate exams” is fairly true generalization.
4) Why did the two students in the writer’s class get C grades in the final exam?
a. Because the exam was very difficult.
b. Because they didn’t prepare for the questions that had come up the previous year.
c. Because they were dull students.
d. Because the questions weren’t in their lesson.
5) The writer’s main purpose of writing the passage is to _________________________.
a. describe the importance of exams.
b. discuss how exams effect on the students.
c. explain the equality in examinations.
d. criticize the exam system.
TEST 2
Every year people in many countries learn English. Some of them are young children. Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school. Others study by themselves. A few learn English just by hearing the language in film, on television, in the office or among their friends. Most people must work hard to learn English.
Why do these all people learn English? It is not difficult to answer this question.
Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. Many adults learn English because it is useful for their work. Teenagers often learn English for their higher studies because some of their books are in English at the college or university. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.
1. According to the writer. English is learn by _____________.
a. young children b. adults
c. teenagers c. all are correct
2. Most people learn English by ____________.
a. themselves b. hearing the language on television
c. working hard on the lesson d. speaking English to their friends
3. Where do many boys and girls learn English?
a. at home b. in the office
c. in evening class d. at school
4. Teenagers learn English because ___________.
a. It’s useful for their higher studies b. it’s one of their subjects.
c. They want to master it. D. a and c are correct.
5. Why do many adults learn English?
a. Because they want to see movies in English.
b. Because they need it for their job.
c. Because they are forced to learn.
d. Because it’s not difficult to learn.
#Yumi
TEST 1
To do well at school, college or university you usually need to do well in exams. “All students hate exams” may be a generalization, but it is fairly true one. Certainly, all of the students I’ve known disliked doing exams, None of them thought that the exam system was fair; to do well in a exam you simply had to be able to predict the questions which would be asked, This was the case as regards tow students in my class at college. Botyh of them were exceptionally bright, but in the final year “exam” neither of them got an a grade. In fact, they both got Cs. The exam had tested us on questions which had come up the previous year. They had both assumed that the same questions wouldn’t come up again, and hadn’t prepared for them.
1) Students need to do well in exams __________.
a. In order to do well at school.
b. Because they need to do well at school.
c. So that to do well at school.
d. Therefore they have to do well at school.
2) The stastement “ All students hate exams” is _________.
a. extremely true b. completely true
c. quite true d. very true
3) Which of the following sentences is not true?
a. All of the students the writer has known thought that the exam system was unfair.
b. To do well in an exam you simly had the ability to predict the questions which would be asked.
c. None of the students the writer has known disliked doing exams.
d. “ All students hate exams” is fairly true generalization.
4) Why did the two students in the writer’s class get C grades in the final exam?
a. Because the exam was very difficult.
b. Because they didn’t prepare for the questions that had come up the previous year.
c. Because they were dull students.
d. Because the questions weren’t in their lesson.
5) The writer’s main purpose of writing the passage is to _________________________.
a. describe the importance of exams.
b. discuss how exams effect on the students.
c. explain the equality in examinations.
d. criticize the exam system.
TEST 2
Every year people in many countries learn English. Some of them are young children. Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school. Others study by themselves. A few learn English just by hearing the language in film, on television, in the office or among their friends. Most people must work hard to learn English.
Why do these all people learn English? It is not difficult to answer this question.
Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. Many adults learn English because it is useful for their work. Teenagers often learn English for their higher studies because some of their books are in English at the college or university. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.
1. According to the writer. English is learn by _____________.
a. young children b. adults
c. teenagers c. all are correct
2. Most people learn English by ____________.
a. themselves b. hearing the language on television
c. working hard on the lesson d. speaking English to their friends
3. Where do many boys and girls learn English?
a. at home b. in the office
c. in evening class d. at school
4. Teenagers learn English because ___________.
a. It’s useful for their higher studies b. it’s one of their subjects.
c. They want to master it. D. a and c are correct.
5. Why do many adults learn English?
a. Because they want to see movies in English.
b. Because they need it for their job.
c. Because they are forced to learn.
d. Because it’s not difficult to learn.
1. DS
2. F
The things that make us happy never change.
(Điều khiến chúng ta hạnh phúc không bao giờ thay đổi.)
Thông tin: …and what made you happy last week might not make you happy next week!
(và những gì khiến bạn hạnh phúc vào tuần trước có thể sẽ không khiến bạn vui vào tuần tiếp theo!)
3. T
The surveys show that teenagers who do exercise are happier.
(Các khảo sát cho thấy trẻ vị thành niên nào tập thể dục thì hạnh phúc hơn.)
Thông tin: Experts believe that exercise can make you a happier person because it releases chemicals in your brain that are related to a feeling of pleasure.
(Các chuyện gia tin rằng việc tập thể dục có thể khiến bạn trở nên vui vẻ hơn vì nó tiết ra các chất hóa học mà đem lại cảm giác sảng khoái trong não của bạn.)
4. F
When we feel depressed we shouldn't eat chocolate.
(Khi ta cảm thấy buồn bã ta không nên ăn sô cô la.)
Thông tin: … it seems, according to some experts, to be good to eat chocolate when you're feeling sad.
(…dường như, theo các chuyện gia, thì ăn sô cô la sẽ tốt khi bạn đang buồn.)
5. T
Exercise and eating chocolate can produce similar results.
(Tập thể dục và ăn sô cô la có thể cho ra kết quả như nhau.)
Thông tin: And when you feel sad, go for a run or eat some chocolate - you'll soon cheer up!
(Và khi bạn buồn, đi chạy bộ hoặc ăn một ít sô cô la – bạn sẽ sớm vui trở lại thôi!)
6. F
It’s important to value even short moments of happiness.
(Trân trọng những khoảnh khắc hạnh phúc dù ngắn ngủi là một điều quan trọng)
Thông tin: You can be happy for brief moments and you should value these times.
(Bạn có thể hạnh phúc trong những khoảng thời gian ngắn và bạn nên trân trọng những lúc như thế.)
