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Ta có \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}..\)
Theo giả thiết \(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\right)\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
Mà x,y>1/4\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\le2\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{y}+1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2\le0\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{y}=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=1\left(TMĐK\right).\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1;y\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+\frac{y^2-4}{y}+8=4\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4}{x}+\frac{y^2-4}{y}=4\left[\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x}+\frac{\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}{y}=4\left(\frac{x-1-1}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\frac{y-1-1}{\sqrt{y-1}+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{x+2}{x}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\right)+\left(y-2\right)\left(\frac{y+2}{y}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{y-1}+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\frac{x\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x-1}+2+x-4x}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}+\left(y-2\right)\frac{y\sqrt{y-1}+2\sqrt{y-1}+y-4y}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\frac{\left( x-1\right)\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}-3\left(x-1\right)-1}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}\)
\(+\left(y-2\right)\frac{\left(y-1\right)\sqrt{y-1}+3\sqrt{y-1}-3\left(y-1\right)-1}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\frac{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^3}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}+\left(y-2\right)\frac{\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^3}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\frac{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^3\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^3}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^4}+\left(y-2\right)\frac{\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^3\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^3}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-2\right)^4}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^4}+\frac{\left(y-2\right)^4}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^4}=0\)
Vì \(x\ge1;y\ge1\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-2\right)^4}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^4}\ge0;\frac{\left(y-2\right)^4}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^4}\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-2\right)^4}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^4}+\frac{\left(y-2\right)^4}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^4}\ge0\)
Do đó dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(\frac{\left(x-2\right)^4}{x\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^4}=\frac{\left(y-2\right)^4}{y\left(\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)^4}=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=y-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
Vậy \(x=y=2\).
Có cách khác nè:
P=x4(x−1)3+y4(y−1)3≥2√x4y4(x−1)3(y−1)3x4(x−1)3+y4(y−1)3≥2x4y4(x−1)3(y−1)3
⇒P≥2x2y2√(x−1)3(y−1)3=2.x2x−1.y2y−1.1√(x−1)(y−1)⇒P≥2x2y2(x−1)3(y−1)3=2.x2x−1.y2y−1.1(x−1)(y−1)
Ta dễ dàng chứng minh được a2a−1≥4a2a−1≥4
⇒P≥2.4.4.1√(x−1)(y−1)≥32.1x−1+y−12≥32⇒P≥2.4.4.1(x−1)(y−1)≥32.1x−1+y−12≥32
Dấu "=" khi x=y=2
x4(x−1)3+16(x−1)≥8.x2(x−1)x4(x−1)3+16(x−1)≥8.x2(x−1)
Tương tự và cộng hai BĐT lại :
p+16(x−1)+16(y−1)≥8.(x2x−1+y2y−1)p+16(x−1)+16(y−1)≥8.(x2x−1+y2y−1)
Ta xét A=x2x−1+y2y−1A=x2x−1+y2y−1
Đặt x - 1 = a và y - 1 = b, ta có A=(a+1)2a+(b+1)2b=a+2+1a+b+2+1b≥(a+b)+4a+b+4≥2√4+4=8⇒A≥8A=(a+1)2a+(b+1)2b=a+2+1a+b+2+1b≥(a+b)+4a+b+4≥24+4=8⇒A≥8
Do đó P≥8A−16(x+y)+32≥8.8−16.4+32=32P≥8A−16(x+y)+32≥8.8−16.4+32=32
Min P = 32 <=> x = y = 2
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
8. \(x^2-5x+14-4\sqrt{x+1}=0\) (ĐK: x > = -1).
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+1\right)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
Với mọi x thực ta luôn có: \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2\ge0\) và \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 3 (Nhận)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+4+\frac{y^2-4}{y}+4=4\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+4=x+\frac{4x-4}{x}\ge4\sqrt{x-1}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y^2-4}{y}+4\ge4\sqrt{y-1}\)
Cộng từng vế: \(\frac{x^2-4}{x}+\frac{y^2-4}{y}+8\ge4\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=2
Vậy (x;y)=(2'2)