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a) x3 + 127127 = x3 + (1313)3 = (x + 1313)(x2 – x . 1313+ (1313)2)
=(x + 1313)(x2 – 1313x + 1919)
b) (a + b)3 – (a - b)3
= [(a + b) – (a – b)][(a + b)2 + (a + b) . (a – b) + (a – b)2]
= (a + b – a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 – b2 + a2 – 2ab + b2)
= 2b . (3a3 + b2)
c) (a + b)3 + (a – b)3 = [(a + b) + (a – b)][(a + b)2 – (a + b)(a – b) + (a – b)2]
= (a + b + a – b)(a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 +b2 + a2 – 2ab + b2]
= 2a . (a2 + 3b2)
d) 8x3 + 12x2y + 6xy2 + y3 = (2x)3 + 3 . (2x)2 . y +3 . 2x . y + y3 = (2x + y)3
e) - x3 + 9x2 – 27x + 27 = 27 – 27x + 9x2 – x3 = 33 – 3 . 32 . x + 3 . 3 . x2 – x3 = (3 – x)3
a) \(=x^3\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
b) \(=xy\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-1\right)\)
c) Đổi đề: \(a^2x+a^2y-7x-7y\)
\(=a^2\left(x+y\right)-7\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(a^2-7\right)\)
d) \(=x^2\left(a-b\right)+y\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(x^2+y\right)\)
e) \(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
g) \(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
h) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y+1\right)\)
i) \(=\left(x+1\right)^2-4=\left(x+1-2\right)\left(x+1+2\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
a\(x^3\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)\)
b)\(=xy\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-1\right)\)
d)\(=a\left(x^2+y\right)-b\left(x^2+y\right)=\left(x^2+y\right)\left(x-b\right)\)
e)\(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
g)\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
h)\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
i)\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-4=\left(x-1-2\right)\left(x-1+2\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(1,A⋮B\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2-ax+3=\left(x-1\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-3-a+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(2,A⋮B\Leftrightarrow3x^3-16x^2+25x+a=\left(x^2-4x+3\right)\cdot b\left(x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^3-16x^2+25x+a=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)\cdot b\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-16+25+a=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=-12\)
Thay \(x=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\cdot27-16\cdot9+25\cdot3+a=0\\ \Leftrightarrow81-144+75+a=0\\ \Leftrightarrow12+a=0\Leftrightarrow a=-12\)
Vậy \(a=-12\)
Lời giải:
$A(x)=(x^3-x)+(ax^2-a)=x(x^2-1)+a(x^2-1)=(x+a)(x^2-1)$
$=(x+a)B(x)$
Do đó $A(x)$ luôn chia hết cho $B(x)$ với mọi $a$
Bài 13:
1: \(A=-x^2+4x+3\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-3\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-7\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
2: \(B=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2\le-2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3
\(a,\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x+a=\left(x+3\right)\cdot g\left(x\right)\\ \text{Thay }x=-3\Leftrightarrow18-3+a=0\Leftrightarrow a=-15\\ b,\Leftrightarrow x^3+ax^2-4=\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\cdot f\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)^2\cdot f\left(x\right)\\ \text{Thay }x=-2\Leftrightarrow-8+4a-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4a-12=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\)
=>x^3+4x^2+4x+(a-4)x^2+4x(a-4)+4(a-4)+(-4a+12)x-4a+12 chia hết cho x^2+4x+4
=>-4a+12=0
=>a=3