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1.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.1}{0.075}=1.33\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(a+b=0.075\)
\(a+2b=0.1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{sp}=0.05\cdot100+0.025\cdot162=9.05\left(g\right)\)
2.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.2\cdot0.2=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.005}{0.04}=1.25\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.04\)
\(a+2b=0.05\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.03\\b=0.01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=0.03\cdot197=5.91\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
a) PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOH -----> Na2CO3 + H2O (1)
b) nCO2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
Đổi 200ml = 0,2l
nNaOH = Cm x V = 1 x 0,2 = 0,2 (mol)
Lập tỷ lệ: \(\dfrac{nCO2}{1}\)=\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}\)=\(\dfrac{0,2}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{nNaOH}{2}\)
Sau phản ứng, CO2 và NaOH hết. Các chất được tính theo CO2 ( hoặc NaOH )
Theo (1): nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,1 (mol)
-> mNa2CO3 = 0,1 x 106 = 10,6 (g)
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd.NaOH}=50.1,28=64\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{64.10\%}{40}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,1}=1,6\)
=> Tạo ra muối Na2CO3 và NaHCO3
PTHH: 2NaOH + CO2 --> Na2CO3 + H2O
0,16--->0,08---->0,08
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O --> 2NaHCO3
0,02<---0,02------------->0,04
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2CO_3}=\left(0,08-0,02\right).106=6,36\left(g\right)\\m_{NaHCO_3}=0,04.84=3,36\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 0,1.44 + 64 = 68,4 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{6,36}{68,4}.100\%=9,3\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{3,36}{68,4}.100\%=4,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nco2=v/22.4=0.1 mol
500ml=0.5l
=> nNaoh=Cm.v=0.2 . 0.5=0.1 mol
lập tỉ lệ:
nNaoh/nCo2=0.1/0.1=1
=> sảy ra phương trình
Naoh + co2 ->nahco3
mCo2=n.M=4.4 (g)
mNaoh=n.M=4 (g)
adđlbtkl ta có
mCo2 + mNaoh = mNahco3
=>mNahco3=8.4 (g)
$n_{NaOH} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$Na_2CO_3 + BaCl_2 \to BaCO_3 + 2NaCl$
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{BaCO_3} = \dfrac{19,7}{197} = 0,1(mol)$
TH1 : NaOH dư
2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
0,2.............0,1..........0,1.................................(mol)
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lít
TH2 : Có tạo muối axit
2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
0,2.............0,1..........0,1.................................(mol)
NaOH + CO2 → NaHCO3
0,2...........0,2................................(mol)
V = (0,1 + 0,2).22,4 = 6,72 lít
*Phương pháp nối tiếp
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,75\cdot0,2=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,15___0,075______0,075 (mol)
\(Na_2CO_3+H_2O+CO_2\rightarrow2NaHCO_3\)
0,025__________0,025_______0,05 (mol)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,075-0,025=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,05\cdot106+0,05\cdot84=9,5\left(g\right)\)
`n_(CO_2) = (2,24)/(22,4)=0,1(mol)`
`n_(NaOH)=0,75 . 0,2=0,15`
`=> 1 < (n_(CO_2))/(n_(NaOH)) <2`
`=>` Tạo 2 muối: `NaHCO_3` và `Na_2CO_3`.
`CO_2+NaOH->NaHCO_3`
....`x`........`x`..........`x`
`CO_2+2NaOH->Na_2CO_3+H_2O`
....`y`.........`2y`.........`y`..............`y`
`=> {(x+y=0.1),(x+2y=0.15):} <=> x=y=0,05`
`=> m_(\text{muối})=m_(NaHCO_3)+m_(Na_2CO_3)`
`=0,05.84+0,05.106=9,5(g)`