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Từ giả thiết ta thấy tất cả các biểu thức đều xác định :
Ta có : \(\log_ax=1+\log_ax.\log_az\Leftrightarrow\log_ax=\frac{1}{1-\log_az}=\frac{1}{1-\log_a\frac{a}{z}}=\log_{\frac{a}{z}}z\)
Do đó \(\log_xa.\log_{\frac{a}{z}}z=1\)
Tương tự \(\log_ya.\log_{\frac{a}{x}}x=1\)
Hơn nữa, thay \(\log_ax=\frac{1}{1-\log_az}\) vào \(\log_ay=1+\log_ay.\log_ax\), ta được :
\(\log_ay=1+\frac{\log_ay}{1-\log_az}\Leftrightarrow1-\log_az=\frac{\log_ay}{\log_ay-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\log_za=1+\log_ay.\log_az\)
Tương tự như trên ta cũng có :
\(\log_za.\log_{\frac{a}{y}}y=1\)
Từ đó suy ra :
\(A=\left(\log_{\frac{a}{x}}a.\log_ya\right)\left(\log_{\frac{a}{y}}a.\log_za\right)\left(\log_{\frac{a}{z}}a.\log_xa\right)=1\)
1.\(\dfrac{log_ac}{log_{ab}c}=log_ac.log_c\left(ab\right)=log_ac.\left(log_ca+log_cb\right)=log_ac.log_ca+log_ac.log_cb=\dfrac{log_ac}{log_ac}+\dfrac{log_cb}{log_ca}=1+log_ab\)
2. \(log_{ax}bx=\dfrac{log_abx}{log_aax}=\dfrac{log_ab+log_ax}{log_aa+log_ax}=\dfrac{log_ab+log_ax}{1+log_ax}\)
3. \(\dfrac{1}{log_ax}+\dfrac{1}{log_{a^2}x}+...+\dfrac{1}{log_{a^n}x}=log_xa+log_xa^2+...+log_xa^n\)
\(=log_xa+2log_xa+...+n.log_xa=log_xa+2log_xa+...+n.log_xa\)
\(=log_xa.\left(1+2+...+n\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}log_xa=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2.log_ax}\)
a) \(A=\log_{5^{-2}}5^{\frac{5}{4}}=-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{5}{4}.\log_55=-\frac{5}{8}\)
b) \(B=9^{\frac{1}{2}\log_22-2\log_{27}3}=3^{\log_32-\frac{3}{4}\log_33}=\frac{2}{3^{\frac{3}{4}}}=\frac{2}{3\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
c) \(C=\log_3\log_29=\log_3\log_22^3=\log_33=1\)
d) Ta có \(D=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}6^2-\log_{\frac{1}{3}}400^{\frac{1}{2}}+\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\left(\sqrt[3]{45}\right)\)
\(=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}36-\log_{\frac{1}{3}}20+\log_{\frac{1}{3}}45\)
\(=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{36.45}{20}=\log_{3^{-1}}81=-\log_33^4=-4\)
Ta có :
\(\begin{cases}5>1;3>1\Rightarrow\log_53>0\\15>1;4>1\Rightarrow\log_{15}4>0\\0< \frac{1}{3}< 1;\frac{7}{2}>1\Rightarrow\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{14}{5}< 0\\0< 0,3< 1;\frac{7}{2}>1\Rightarrow\log_{0,3}\frac{7}{2}< 0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\log_53.\log_{15}4}{\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{14}{5}\log_{0,3}\frac{7}{2}}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_{\frac{1}{3}}xy\le log_{\frac{1}{3}}\left(x+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy\ge x+y^2\) (do \(\frac{1}{3}< 1\))
\(\Rightarrow x\left(y-1\right)\ge y^2\) (\(y-1>0\) do
Nếu \(y\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT\le0\\VP>0\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
\(\Rightarrow y>1\Rightarrow x\ge\frac{y^2}{y-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2x+3y\ge\frac{2y^2}{y-1}+3y=5y+2+\frac{2}{y-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge5\left(y-1\right)+\frac{2}{y-1}+7\ge2\sqrt{\frac{10\left(y-1\right)}{y-1}}+7=7+2\sqrt{10}\)
\(P_{min}=7+2\sqrt{10}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{5}\\x=\frac{y^2}{y-1}=...\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\log_{\frac{2}{x}}x^2-14\log_{16x}x^3+40\log_{4x}\sqrt{x}=0\)ĐKXĐ: x>0
\(\Leftrightarrow2\log_{\frac{2}{x}}x-42\log_{16x}+20\log_{4x}\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\log_x\frac{2}{x}}-\frac{42}{\log_x16x}+\frac{20}{\log_x4x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\log_x2-1}-\frac{42}{4\log_x2+1}+\frac{20}{2\log_x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\log_x2=a\left(a\in R\right)\)
Thay vào pt:\(\frac{2}{a-1}-\frac{42}{4a+1}+\frac{20}{2a+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-a+4=0\)(pt này vô nghiệm)
Vậy pt đã cho vô nghiệm
Ta có : \(\log_{\frac{a}{b}}^2\frac{c}{b}=\log_{\frac{a}{b}}^2\frac{b}{c};\log_{\frac{b}{c}}^2\frac{a}{c}=\log_{\frac{b}{c}}^2\frac{c}{a};\log_{\frac{c}{a}}^2\frac{b}{a}=\log_{\frac{c}{a}}^2\frac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\log_{\frac{a}{b}}^2\frac{c}{b}.\log_{\frac{b}{c}}^2\frac{a}{c}.\log_{\frac{c}{a}}^2\frac{b}{c}=\log_{\frac{a}{b}}^2\frac{c}{b}.\log^2_{\frac{b}{c}}\frac{c}{a}\log_{\frac{c}{a}}^2\frac{a}{b}=\left(\log_{\frac{a}{b}}\frac{c}{b}.\log_{\frac{b}{c}}\frac{c}{a}\log_{\frac{c}{a}}\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=1^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Trong 3 số không âm \(\log_{\frac{a}{b}}^2\frac{c}{b};\log^2_{\frac{b}{c}}\frac{c}{a};\log_{\frac{c}{a}}^2\frac{a}{b}\) luôn có ít nhất 1 số lớn hơn 1
\(2^x=x^2\Rightarrow xln2=2lnx\Rightarrow\frac{ln2}{2}=\frac{lnx}{x}\Rightarrow x=2\)
Ta cũng có \(\frac{2ln2}{2.2}=\frac{lnx}{x}\Rightarrow\frac{ln4}{4}=\frac{lnx}{x}\Rightarrow x=4\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Pt dưới: \(4logx-\frac{logx}{loge}=log4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow logx\left(4-ln10\right)=log4\Leftrightarrow logx\left(ln\left(\frac{e^4}{10}\right)\right)=log4\)
\(\Rightarrow logx=\frac{log4}{ln\left(\frac{e^4}{10}\right)}=log4.log_{\frac{e^4}{10}}e\)
\(\Rightarrow x=10^{log4.log_{\frac{e^4}{10}}e}=\left(10^{log4}\right)^{log_{\frac{e^4}{10}}e}=2^{2.log_{\frac{e^4}{10}}e}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=2\\d=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự thay kết quả và tính
a)ĐK: 2x+1>0
\(\log_3\left(2x+1\right)=2\log_{2x+1}3+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow log_3\left(2x+1\right)=2.\frac{1}{log_3\left(2x+1\right)}+1\)
Nhân \(log_3\left(2x+1\right)\)cả 2 vế
Đặt \(t=log_3\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-t-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}t=2\\t=-1\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}2x+1=9\\2x+1=\frac{1}{3}\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=4\\x=-\frac{1}{3}\end{array}\right.\)nhận cả 2 nghiệm
b)ĐK x>0
\(\Leftrightarrow1+log^2_{27}x=\frac{10}{3}log_{27}x\)
Đặt \(t=log_{27}x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-\frac{10}{3}t+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}t=3\\t=\frac{1}{3}\end{array}\right.\)\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=27^3\\x=3\end{array}\right.\)
Theo công thức biến đổi có số ta có : \(\log_{a^n}x=\frac{\log_ax}{\log_aa^n}=\frac{1}{n}\log_ax\)
Từ đó ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^2}x}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^3}x}+...+\frac{1}{\log_{a^n}x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{2}{\log_ax}+\frac{4}{\log_ax}+...+\frac{n}{\log_ax}\)
\(=\frac{1+2+3+...+n}{\log_ax}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{\log_ax}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^2}x}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^3}x}+...+\frac{1}{\log_{a^n}x}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{\log_ax}\)