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1 must
2should
3can
4must
5 had
6might
7should
8had
9 could
10 need/would
11 can
12 would
13 might/could/may
14 should
15 need
Complete the text with one suitable modal verb in each space :
Some people always have good advice to give you, but only after the event. You (1).....must..... have come across the type, who somehow always know what you (2)....should....... have done when it has become too late. By now I (3).....can..... spot them a mile off. It (4).....must....... be because I have had so much practice. Last week, for example, I (5)......had...... to take my car to the garage because the lights weren't working. It was an expensive job, but I decided that I (6).....might...... as well pay, and get it over quickly. "You (7).........should..... have told me", said a friend when I was telling him how much I (8).......had....... to pay. "I (9)......could...... easily have fixed it for you. Then you (10).......need ........ not have wasted so much money." You (11)......can......... imagine how I felt ! Actually, he (12)........would ......... probably have made a mess of the job, and I (13).......might/ could........ well have ended up paying more. But it does seem strange that everyone else (14)......should.......... know exactly what I (15)........need/ought..... to do.
I. Discuss these questions. Campare your answers.
1. Explain why the writer once arrived at the airport only a few minutes before the plane left.
=>Because his secretary had got the ticket for him and he thought she said that the plane left at 10:50.
2. Whose fault do you think it was? Thư writer's or his secretary's? Give reasons for your answer.
=>Thư writer's .Because he didn`t bother to take a good look at the ticket.
3. Explain why the writer think it is essential to have at least a little local currency when you arrive in a foreign country.
=>Because this can be absolutely essential if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.
4. Describe some of the problems you could have if you ignore the advice in the last paragraph
=>when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during a day.
I. Choose the most suitable tense.
1. Why (are you going to buy/ will you buy) a new mountain bike?
2. Don’t phone between 8.00 and 9.00. I’ll study/ I’ll be studying then.
3. Look out! That tree (will fall/ is going to fall)!
4. Let me know as soon as Louise (will get/ gets) here.
5. Great news! Jean and Chris (will come/ are coming) to stay with us.
6. According to this timetable, the bus (is going to arrive/ arrives) at 6.00.
7. I have a feeling that something strange (is going to happen/ is happening) in a minute.
8. The doctor says I (will have/ am going to have) a baby!
9. Can you call me at 7.00, because (I’ll leave/ I’m leaving) tomorrow.
10. If you arrive late at the sale, the best things (will go/ will have gone).
II. Give the correct form of the verbs:
1. I can’t see you on Thursday afternoon. I (visit)am visiting our Birmingham branch.
2. George (not be)won’t be back until six. Can I take a message?
3. What (you/ buy) are you going to buywith the money you won in the lottery?
4. I don’t think you (have) will have any problems at the airport.
5. (You/ take) are you going to take/Are you taking your dog with you to Scotland?
6. Can you answer the phone for me? I (lie down) am going to lie down for a while.
7. All the hotels are full. Where (we/ spend)are we going to spend the night?
8. You’d better not come in July. My mother (stay) will be staying/is staying with me then.
9. What time does your plane leave (your plane/ leave) ?
10. Leave the car here. May be the police (not/ notice) won’t notice it.
Chuyển sang bị động
1. I have to find out a solution for my own problems
A SOLUTION HAS TO BE FOUND OUT FOR MY OWN PROBLEMS.
2. You had better call the police right now
THE POLICE HAD BETTER BE CALLED RIGHT NOW.
3. You had better send your printer to professional experts
YOUR PRINTER HAD BETTER BE SENT TO PROFESSIONAL EXPERTS.
4. You should have done all exercises before coming to the class
ALL THE EXERCISES SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE BY YOU BEFORE COMING O THE CLASS.
5. She must have finished the task by then
THE TASK MUST HAVE BEEN FINISHED BY HER BY THEN
6. Nam ought to have completed his work by the time his boss turned up
NAM'S WORK OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN FINISHED BY HE TIME HIS BOSS TURNED UP.
WRITE A SENTENCE WITH IF FOR EACH SITUATION
1. he is poor, so he can't make an abroad tour
-> were he not poor, he could make an abroad tour
2. we came home from ourr holiday early because we ran out of money
-> had we not run out of money,we wouldn't have come home from ourr holiday early
3. i can't enter the room now because i left the key at home
-> if I hadn't left the key at home,I would have entered the room now
4/ the men is wearing protective clothing, so they are safe
-> the men wouldn't be safe if they weren't wearing protective clothing
5. be patient or you will destroy everything
-> if you aren't patient, you will destroy everything
6. they used to drink beer for breakfast in england years ago
-> beer used to be drunk for breakfast in england years ago
#cont
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. i think you shouldn't take part in this dancing club
-> if i were you,I wouldn't take part in this dancing club
2. i advise you to listen to the teacher during the lesson
-> if i were you,I would listen to the teacher during the lesson
3. leave me alone or i will call the police
-> if you leave me alone , i will call the police
4. finish your paper or you can't go home
-> if you don't finish your paper , you can't go home
5. they made the little boy climb the chimneys to clean them
-> the little boy was made to climb the chimneys to clean them
6. they say exercise is good for health
-> exercise is said to be good for health
7. you need to have your hair cut
-> your hair needs cutting
8. andrew wanted to ask Frank Sinatra for his autograph, but he wasn't brave enough
-> had andrew been brave enough,he would have asked Frank Sinatra for his autograph.
9. i don't know anything about plumbing so i can't fix the leak in the sink myself
-> were I to know anything about plumbing ,I could fix the leak in the sink myself
10. you need to have your housse rebuilt
-> your house needs rebuilting
11. my parents have just given one of my most favorite toy to me
-> one of my most favorite toys has just been given to me by parents
12. it is said that on of the workers quits the job
-> one of the workers is said to quit the job
13. the students need to do homework every day
-> the homework needs doing be the students everyday
14. my father made me get to school by bike
-> i was made to get to school by bike
15. the kind boss has allowed the unemployed to work in his company
-> the unemployed have been allowed to work in the kind boss's company
16. he doesn't like people laughing at him
-> he doesn't like being laughed at
17. mrs. lan has taken care of the old in my neighborhood recently
-> the old in my neighborhood has been taken care by mrs lan recently
18. no one in my family has eaten a snail before
-> a snail has never been eaten before in my family
19. nobody in the party has tasted my dishes
-> my dishes has never been tasted in the party
20. bring the raincoat with you or you will get wet on the way back
-> should you bring the raincoat with you or you will get wet on the way back
21. there is a grammar error in this English essay, that's why it can't get a full mark
-> if there weren't a grammar error in this English essay, it could get a full mark
22. because i don't have a typewriter, i can't type it myself
-> i could type it if I had a typewriter
23. he was tired so he made a mistake
-> if he weren't tired ,he wouldn't have made a mistake
24. he has just brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room
-> some cups of tea have just been bought for the visitors in the next room
25. she can't be employed because she doesn't have college degree
-> if she had college degree,she could be employed
26. there are industrial factories inside the city, that's why pollution can't be reduced
-> pollution could be reduced if there weren't industrial factories inside the city
27. it rained heavily so they didn't go camping last sunday
-> had it not rained heavily ,they would have gone camping last sunday
28. although the weather was bad, i still got to schoold
-> in spite of the bad weather,i still got to schoold
29. he still went to work although he felt too tired
-> despite being tired,he still went to work
30. because it rained , we decided to stay home and watch tv
-> because of raining, we decided to stay home and watch tv
WRITE A SENTENCE WITH IF FOR EACH SITUATION
1. he is poor, so he can't make an abroad tour
-> were he to be rich, he could make an abroad tour
2. we came home from ourr holiday early because we ran out of money
-> had we not run out of money, we would not have come home from our holiday early
3. i can't enter the room now because i left the key at home
-> if I hadn't left the key at home, I could enter the room now
4/ the men is wearing protective clothing, so they are safe
-> the men would be safe with protective clothing
5. be patient or you will destroy everything
-> if you aren't patient, you will destroy everything
6. they used to drink beer for breakfast in england years ago
-> beer used to be drunk for breakfast in england years ago
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. i think you shouldn't take part in this dancing club
-> if i were you, i wouldn't take part in this dancing club
2. i advise you to listen to the teacher during the lesson
-> if i were you, i would listen to the teacher during the lesson
3. leave me alone or i will call the police
-> if you don't leave me alone, i will call the police
4. finish your paper or you can't go home
-> if you don't finish your paper, you can't go home
5. they made the little boy climb the chimneys to clean them
-> the little boy was made to climb the chimneys to clean them
6. they say exercise is good for health
-> exercise is said to be good for health
7. you need to have your hair cut
-> your hair needs cutting
8. andrew wanted to ask Frank Sinatra for his autograph, but he wasn't brave enough
-> had Andrew been brave enough, he would have asked Frank Sinatra for his autograph
9. i don't know anything about plumbing so i can't fix the leak in the sink myself
-> were i to know something about plumbing, i could fix the leak in the sink myself
10. you need to have your housse rebuilt
-> your house needs to be rebuilt
11. my parents have just given one of my most favorite toy to me
-> one of my most favorite toys has just been given to me by my parents
12. it is said that on of the workers quits the job
-> one of the workers is said to quit the job
13. the students need to do homework every day
-> the homework needs to be done by the students every day
14. my father made me get to school by bike
-> i was made to get to school by bike by my father
15. the kind boss has allowed the unemployed to work in his company
-> the unemployed have been allowed to work in his company by the kind boss
16. he doesn't like people laughing at him
-> he doesn't like being laughed at
17. mrs. lan has taken care of the old in my neighborhood recently
-> the old in my neighborhood has been taken care of by mrs lan recently
18. no one in my family has eaten a snail before
-> a snail has never been eaten by a member in my family before
19. nobody in the party has tasted my dishes
-> my dishes have never tasted in the party
20. bring the raincoat with you or you will get wet on the way back
-> should you to bring the raincoat with you, you won't get wet on the way back
21. there is a grammar error in this English essay, that's why it can't get a full mark
-> if there weren't a grammar error in this english essay, it could get a full mark
22. because i don't have a typewriter, i can't type it myself
-> i could type myself if i had a typewriter
23. he was tired so he made a mistake
-> if he hadn't been tired, he wouldn't have made a mistake
24. he has just brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room
-> some cups of tea has just been bought to the visitors in the next room
25. she can't be employed because she doesn't have college degree
-> if she had a college degree, she could be employed
26. there are industrial factories inside the city, that's why pollution can't be reduced
-> pollution could be reduced if there weren't industrial factories inside the city
27. it rained heavily so they didn't go camping last sunday
-> had it not rained heavily, they could have gone camping last sunday
28. although the weather was bad, i still got to schoold
-> in spite of the bad weather, i still got to school
29. he still went to work although he felt too tired
-> despite feeling too tired, he still went to work
30. because it rained , we decided to stay home and watch tv
-> because of raining weather, we decided to stay home and watch tv
Exercise 1:
Combine two sentences using Infinitive with TO.
- She got up early to go for a walk.
- He was very careful to read the instruction twice before using.
- This bag is too heavy for You to carry it.
- I was surprised to met him
- The film wasn’t good enough for me to watch
- It was very kind of you to tell me the news.
Exercise 3:
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs.
Mary: Hi! Nam. Did You managed ___________ (to find) your way then?
Nam: Yes, in the end. There was a lot of traffic jams and the weather was very wet.
Mary: Well, you’re here now. Let me ____________ ( hang) up your rain coat.
Nam: Thank you.
Mary: I’m glad you decided _________ (to come) to my party. Everyone seems __________ (to have) a good time. I invited many people. Well, “ the more the merrier.”
Nam: Has Linda come?
Mary: She said she couldn’t _________ ( come).
Nam: And Lien?
Mary: Yes. She came early, but she seemed __________ (to leave) early, too. She was here with her boyfriend.
Exercise 4:
Complete the sentence with the correct verb form.
- He refused ____________ (to answer) any more questions.
- Where would you like ___________ (to have) lunch?
- He hates answering the phone and just lets it __________ ( ring).
- I’m too tired ___________ (to listen) to his boring stories.
- If you want ___________ (to get) there before dark, you should _________ ( start) at once.
- This book tells you how ___________ (to win) at games without actually cheating.
- It isn’t good for children __________ (to eat) too many sweets.
- She promised ____________ ( not to do) that silly thing again.
- He isn’t strong enough _____________ (to move) the washing machine to the other corner of the kitchen.
- The police had made him ___________ (to tell) the truth.
Gerund and infinitive
Exercise 5:
Complete the sentence with the correct verb form.
- After _________ ( spending) a week in New York, they decided __________ (to come) back.
- Try to avoid _________ ( making) him angry.
- Would you mind _________ ( showing) me how to work the lift?
- She apologized for __________ ( borrowing) my car without __________ ( asking) for permission.
- When at last I succeeded in __________ ( convincing) him I wanted to get home quickly.
- I distinctively remember ___________ (to pay) him. I gave him $2.
- Don’t forget __________ (to take) a camera with you.
- Oh, let’s wait until it stops ___________( raining).
- He telephoned her __________ (to arrange) another meeting.
- I tried ____________ ( explaining) to him but he couldn’t understand.
- Please forgive me for __________ ( not writing) you soon.
- There is no point in ___________ ( changing) the battery.
- Inspite of __________ ( being) rich, he is not generous at all.
- My parents advised me __________ ( not to invite) too many people to the party.
- The little girl is afraid of __________ ( crossing) the road.
- When I was a child, I hated ___________ (go) to bed early
- You don’t need ____________ (to iron) that shirt. It doesn’t need ___________ ( ironing)
- Please remember __________ (to turn off) the light when you go out.
- One of the boys admitted ____________(breaking) the window.
- How did the thief get into the kitchen? – I forgot ____________(to shut ) the window
Passive gerund and infinitive
Exercise 6:
Complete the sentence with the correct verb form.
- He wants her ________ (to finish) her homework as soon as possible.
- I like ___________ (being asked) many questions by the interviewers.
- Are you bored with __________ ( doing) the same thing everyday?
- They don’t mind __________ ( keeping) standing on the bus.
- She was frightened of __________ (being robbed) by a stranger.
- I can’t stop him _________ ( talking) about his favorite football team.
- Why don’t you hate ___________ (being called) such a nickname by your friends?
- I hope _____________ (to be offered) the job at the telephone company.
- She could afford ____________ (to buy) this luxury coat.
- My close friend kept ___________ ( telling) me about her idol.
Exercise 7:
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. My brother likes ___________ funny stories.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. have read
2. He was so interested in the football match that he forgot ___________ her.
A. phone B. to phone C. phoning D. phoned
3. My brother is fond of ___________ stamps.
A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting
4. I’m delighted ____________ that you can come on Saturday.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. being heard
5. She was made _____________ all house work by herself.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
6. He prefers ______________ presents on his birthday.
A. to give B. giving C. to be given D. being given
7. I suggest ____________ the hospital before ___________ the police to look for him.
A. call – ask B. to call – to ask C. calling – asking D. to call – asking
8. She expected _____________ by her boyfriend at the station but he wasn’t there.
A. to meet B. meeting C. to be met D. being met
9. I knew I wasn’t the first _____________ her that she failed the exam again.
A. to inform B. informing C. inform D. informed
10. She _________ in Oxford. Then she moved to London.
A. gets used to living B. used to living C. used to live D. is used to living
11. He kept _____________ for an explanation and she didn’t know how __________ him.
A. asking – to answer B. asking – answering C. to ask – to answer D. to ask – answering
12. He will always remember _______________ the gold medal for his victory.
A. awarded B. being awarded C. to be awarded D. to award
13. Would you like me ____________ down the radio a bit?
A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. to be turned
14. My brother wouldn’t ___________ his new camcorder.
A. let me use B. let me to use C. let I use D. let I to use
15. I will never forget _____________ her for the first time.
A. see B. saw C. to see D. seeing
16. Sally’s low test scores kept her from _____________ to the university.
A. admitting B. to admit C. to be admitted D. being admitted
17. She went out without ____________ by others.
A. see B. to see C. seeing D. being seen
18. No, that’s not what I meant ___________. How can I make you _______________?
A. to say – understand C. to say – understanding
B. saying – to understand D. saying – understanding
19. Will your sister let you _______ her new camcorder?
A. use B. to use C. using D. to using
20. Mrs. Jones, I regret _____ you that your credit limit has been exceeded.
A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. to informing
21. I wanted to stop _____ some presents, but we didn't have enough time.
A. to B. to buy C. buying D. to buying
22. She didn’t want anyone _______ him about her wedding.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling
23. He advised ______ the decision on my own
A. make B. me to make C. me making D. to making
24. Did you remember _____ the letter?
A. post B. to post C. posting D. to posting
25. They used ___________ to the cinema a lot when they were at university.
A. going B. to go C. to going D. go
Exercise 8:
Identify one mistake in each sentence and correct it.
- He found it hard repair=> to repair the computer.
- How can you let such a silly incident wrecking=> wreck your friendship?
- I couldn’t help being laughed=> laughing when he told me that story.
- She has tried to wear=> wearing three dresses and the blue one was the best.
- It cost me a lot but I don’t regret spend=> to spend money on it.
- Remember check=> to check your answer before handing in your exam paper.
- He doesn’t like being pick=> picked up at school by his mother.
- They prevented the customers from leave=> leaving the shop.
- It’s no use to persuade=> persuading him. He has made up his mind.
Exercise 9: Give the correct form of the verb in bracket to complete the sentence.
1. We decided ___________ (to buy) a new car.
2. They've got some work _____________(to do).
3. Peter gave up _____________ (smoking) few months ago.
4. He'd like _____________ (to fly) an aero plane.
5. I enjoy _______________ (writing) picture postcards.
6. Do you know what ____________(to do) if there's a fire in the shop?
7. Avoid ___________ (making) silly mistakes.
8. My parents wanted me _______________ (to be) home at 11 o'clock.
9. I can't imagine Peter _______________ (going) by bike.
10. He agreed ________________ (to buy) a new car.
11. The question is easy _______________ (to answer).
12. The man asked me how _________________ (to get) to the airport.
13. I look forward to ________________ (seeing) you at the weekend.
14. Are you thinking of _______________ (going) to London?
15. We decided ______________ (to go) for a walk in the forest.
16. The teacher expected Sarah ________________ (tp work) hard.
17. I had to ask the boys (to stop) ____________ (riding) _______________ their mini-scooters in the corridor.
18. Don't start (trying) ________________ (to learn) _____________ algebra before you have finished (learning) ___________ (to do) ___________ simple things in arithmetic.
19. We can't think of (buying) _____________ a new house before (selling) _____________ the old one.
20. I'd love (to have) _____________ the opportunity of (meeting) _______________you again.
21. Our teacher has promised (to help) ______________ us (preparing) _____________for next week's test.
22. I hate (getting up) _______________early in winter and (getting ready) _______________in the dark.
23. If you can't fix that old thing, try (to hit) ______________it with a hammer!
24. I saw her (sat) ______________ at the bus stop, and I heard her (telling) __________her friend not to wait for her.
25. Poor Charles! The police suspected him of (trying) ______________ (to sell) ___________ stolen bicycles.
26.Can you manage (to finish) ____________ (packing) ______________ these parcels alone?
27. A student can't learn (to spell) _____________without (being) _________________ taught.
28. On (hearing) _____________ her (speaking) _______________everyone took her for a foreigner.
29. Have you ever watched people (trying) ___________ (to catch) ______________fish?
30. If you dislike (peeling) ____________onions, try ( wearing) ____________ glasses and (holding)______________ them under water while (doing) __________________ so.
31. I promise to give you an opportunity (to ask) ______________questions before (leaving)_____________the classroom after (listening) _______________to my lesson.
32. It's stupid (to risk) _______________(breaking) ______________a leg with those mini-scooters.
33. I must remember (to remind) _____________ the students that this grammar point needs (revising)_____________.
34. We mustn't risk (to be) ______________ late for the concert.
35. I don't want (to miss) _____________ (hearing) ______________ the choir again.
Exercise 3: Identify the word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.
1. Sam warned me not saying=> to say anything during the tea ceremony, so I didn't say a word.
2. Our teacher won't allow us using=> to use dictionaries during the test.
3. She just keeps make=> making the same mistake over and over again.
4. I have been trying phone=> to phone Steve, but I still haven't been able to get in touch with him.
6. Don't waste your time to look=> looking in the phone book. Just look the address up on the Internet.
7. I know I've met her before. I remember to meet=> meeting her at John's party last summer.
8. My sister is very afraid of having watched=> watching ghost film on TV.
9. Don’t you mind shuting=> to shut the windows ?
10. Having fight=> fought the fire for 12 hours, the firemen were able to put it out.
Exercise 4: Choose the best sentence made from the given cues.
1. since/ beginning/ course/ I/ never/ be late/ class.
A. Since the beginning of the course, I have never been late for class.
B. Since the beginning of the course, I never have been late for class.
C. Since the beginning of the course, I had never been late for class.
D. Since beginning the course, I have never been late for class.
2. she/ apologize/ borrow/ bicycle/ without/ ask/ permission.
A. She apologized having borrowed for my bicycle without asking permission.
B. She apologized for having borrowed my bicycle without asking permission.
C. She apologized having borrowed for my bicycle without permission asking.
D. She apologized having borrowed for bicycle without asking permission.
3. People/ prefer/ spend/ money/ earn/ it.
A. Most people prefer spending it to earning money.
B. Most people prefer it spending to earning money.
C. Most people prefer spending money to earning it.
D. Most people prefer it spending money to earning.
4. live/ study/ Britain/ cost/ oversea student/ $10,000/ per year.
A. Living and studying in Britain cost an oversea student $10,000 per year.
B. Living and studying in Britain costs an oversea student $10,000 per year.
C. Having lived and studied in Britain cost an oversea student $10,000 per year.
D. Live and study in Britain cost an oversea student $10,000 per year.
1.The mechanic serviced my car last week.
I had the mechanic ............................service my car last week. .........................................................................................................................
2.I felt nervous when I traveled by air.
Travelling by air made .................................me nervous..................................................................................................................
3 .I advised you to put your money in the bank.
You had better .........................put your money in the bank.....................................................................................................................................
4. There is no need for you to talk so loudly
You don’t have .........................to talk so loudly ....................................................................................................................................
5. “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom
The teacher made Tom .......................to ask her for permission before leaving ...........................................................................................................................
6. We can’t possibly work in this noise
It’s impossible ...................for us to work in this noise..............................................................................................................................................
7. Mr. Puncher doesn’t allow his children to go out in the evening
Mr. Puncher doesn’t let ..................his children go out in the evening ..................................................................................................................................
8. Contacting her at work is usually quite easy.
It’s quite easy ............................to contact her at work....................................................................................................................................