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Làm xuôi thì đơn giản, tính \(F'\left(x\right)\) là xong (chịu khó biến đổi)
Làm ngược thì nhìn biểu thức hơi thiếu thân thiện
\(\int\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{x^4+1}dx=\int\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)}dx\)
Phân tách hệ số bất định:
\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(2x-\sqrt{2}\right)}{x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{b\left(2x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1}\)
Quan tâm tử số: \(a\left(2x-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)+b\left(2x+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b\right)x^3+\sqrt{2}\left(a-b\right)x^2+\sqrt{2}\left(b-a\right)\)
Đồng nhất 2 tử số: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\a-b=2\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó:
\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{x^4+1}=\dfrac{2x-\sqrt{2}}{x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{2}}{x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1}\)
Cái tìm hệ số bất định ấy ạ, tại sao lại tách về 2x- căn 2 vậy anh?
Bài này e rằng quá khó để tự luận do vấn đề cơ số
Nhưng tinh ý 1 chút thì giải trắc nghiệm đơn giản:
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
Để ý rằng \(x-1-2\sqrt{x}=x-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
Do đó pt luôn có nghiệm thỏa mãn: \(x-2\sqrt{x}-1=0\Rightarrow x=3+2\sqrt{2}\)
Giống bài trước, \(x=3+2\sqrt{2}\) là nghiệm
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{mx+1}{x-m}\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{-m^2-1}{\left(x-m\right)^2}\) nghịch biến trên miền xác định
\(\Rightarrow\max\limits_{\left[1;2\right]}y=y\left(1\right)=\dfrac{m+1}{1-m}=-2\Rightarrow m\)
a: \(y=\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}-1}\cdot\left(2x^2-x+1\right)'\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\left(4x-1\right)\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}\)
b: \(y=\left(3x+1\right)^{\Omega}\)
=>\(y'=\Omega\cdot\left(3x+1\right)'\cdot\left(3x+1\right)^{\Omega-1}\)
=>\(y'=3\Omega\left(3x+1\right)^{\Omega-1}\)
c: \(y=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x-1}}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)'}{3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1'\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)'\cdot1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}}{\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x-1\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(x-1\right)^2}}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x-1\right)^4}\cdot3}\)
d: \(y=log_3\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y'=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\right)'}{\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\cdot ln3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y'=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)'\left(x-1\right)-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)'}{\left(x-1\right)^2}:\dfrac{ln3\left(x+1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y'=\dfrac{x-1-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{x-1}{ln3\cdot\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y'=\dfrac{-2}{\left(x-1\right)\cdot\left(x+1\right)\cdot ln3}\)
e: \(y=3^{x^2}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x^2\right)'\cdot ln3\cdot3^{x^2}=2x\cdot ln3\cdot3^{x^2}\)
f: \(y=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x^2-1\right)'\cdot ln\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}=2x\cdot ln\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}\)
h: \(y=\left(x+1\right)\cdot e^{cosx}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x+1\right)'\cdot e^{cosx}+\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(e^{cosx}\right)'\)
=>\(y'=e^{cosx}+\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(cosx\right)'\cdot e^u\)
\(=e^{cosx}+\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(-sinx\right)\cdot e^u\)
a) \(y=\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}-1}.\left(4x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(2x^2-x+1\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}.\left(4x-1\right)\)
b) \(y=\left(3x+1\right)^{\pi}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\pi.\left(3x+1\right)^{\pi-1}.3=3\pi.\left(3x+1\right)^{\pi-1}\)
c) \(y=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x-1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^{-1-1}}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)^{3-1}}}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^{-2}}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{3.\sqrt[]{x-1}.\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{1}{3\left(x-1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}.\left(x-1\right)^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}=\dfrac{1}{3\left(x-1\right)^{\dfrac{7}{6}}}=\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[6]{\left(x-1\right)^7}}\)
d) \(y=\log_3\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{\dfrac{1-\left(-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}}{\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}.\ln3}=\dfrac{2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right).\ln3}\)
e) \(y=3^{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=3^{x^2}.ln3.2x=2x.3^{x^2}.ln3\)
f) \(y=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}.ln\dfrac{1}{2}.2x=2x.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x^2-1}.ln\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Các bài còn lại bạn tự làm nhé!
Lời giải:
Đặt \(u=\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1}); dv=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow du=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}; v=\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow \int \frac{x\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\int udv=uv-vdu=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-\int dx\)
\(=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-x+C\)
a. \(\int\dfrac{x^3}{x-2}dx=\int\left(x^2+2x+4+\dfrac{8}{x-2}\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3+x^2+4x+8ln\left|x-2\right|+C\)
b. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+1}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=u\Rightarrow x^2=u^2-1\Rightarrow xdx=udu\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{udu}{\left(u^2-1\right)u}=\int\dfrac{du}{u^2-1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{u-1}-\dfrac{1}{u+1}\right)du=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{u-1}{u+1}\right|+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}+1}\right|+C\)
c. \(\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+\sqrt{x^3}\right)dx=\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+x^{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=5ln\left|x\right|+\dfrac{2}{5}\sqrt{x^5}+C\)
d. \(\int\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{x^2}dx=\int\left(x^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}+x^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=2\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+C\)
e. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=arcsin\left(x\right)+C\)
Cho hàm số y=f(x)y=f(x) có đạo hàm và liên tục trên [0;π2][0;π2]thoả mãn f(x)=f′(x)−2cosxf(x)=f′(x)−2cosx. Biết f(π2)=1f(π2)=1, tính giá trị f(π3)f(π3)
A. √3+1/2 B. √3−1/2 C. 1−√3/2 D. 0
Cách làm đơn giản nhất:
Do \(\int f\left(x\right)dx=F\left(x\right)\Rightarrow F'\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)\)
Ta có: \(F\left(x\right)=A\sqrt{1-x^3}+\dfrac{B}{1+\sqrt{x}}\)
\(\Rightarrow F'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{A\left(-3x^2\right)}{2\sqrt{1-x^3}}+B.\left(-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow F'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{-3A}{2}.\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^3}}-\dfrac{B}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2}=f\left(x\right)\)
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-3A}{2}=1\\\dfrac{-B}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A=\dfrac{-2}{3}\\B=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A+B=-\dfrac{8}{3}\)