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a. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,25 ..... 0,5 ................... 0,25 (mol)
\(m_{Mg}=0,25.24=6\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{10}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{MgO}=100\%-60\%=40\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 ....... 0,2 (mol)
\(n_{HCl}=0,25+0,1=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_M\left(HCl\right)=\dfrac{0,35}{0,1}=3,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{81,25-28}{71}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
=> V = 0,75.22,4 = 16,8 (l)
\(n_M=\dfrac{28}{M_M}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + nCl2 --to--> 2MCln
\(\dfrac{28}{M_M}\)-------------->\(\dfrac{28}{M_M}\)
=> \(\dfrac{28}{M_M}\left(M_M+35,5n\right)=81,25\)
=> \(M_M=\dfrac{56}{3}n\left(g/mol\right)\)
- Xét n = 1 => Loại
- Xét n = 2 => Loại
- Xét n = 3 => MM = 56 (g/mol) => Fe
\(GS:n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=100a+84b=13.4\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{CO_2}=a+b=0.15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.05,b=0.1\)
\(\%CaCO_3=\dfrac{0.05\cdot100}{13.4}\cdot100\%=37.31\%\)
\(\%MgCO_3=100-37.31=62.69\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=2\cdot0.15=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.2}=1.5\left(M\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Fe, Mg là a, b (mol)
=> 56a + 24b = 1,04 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------------->a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b---->2b------------->b
=> a + b = 0,03 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol)
mFe = 0,01.56 = 0,56 (g)
mMg = 0,02.24 = 0,48 (g)
b) nHCl(lý thuyết) = 2a + 2b = 0,06 (mol)
=> \(n_{HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,06.110}{100}=0,066\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{dd.HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,066}{0,1}=0,66\left(l\right)\)
Fe+2HCl->Fecl2+H2
x-----2x-----------------x
Mg+2Hcl->MgCl2+h2
y-------2y----------------y
a)
ta có :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=10,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,05625 , y=0,29375
=>m Fe=0,05625.56=3,15g
=>m Mg=7,05g
=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,05625.2+0,29375.2}{0,1}\)=7l=7000ml
\(PTHH:2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có:
\(n_{Cu}=\frac{51,2}{64}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(lt\right)}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO\left(tt\right)}=\frac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,6}{0,8}.100\%=75\%\)
\(\Rightarrow m=0,6.80+0,2.64=60,8\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1:
Gọi số mol Al là x; Zn là y
\(\rightarrow27x+65y=18,4\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H2}=1,5n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=1,5x+y=\frac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(x=y=0,2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=27x=5,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{18,4}=29,3\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=70,7\%\)Câu 2:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Muối thu được là FeCl2
\(\rightarrow n_{FeCl2}=\frac{38,1}{56+35,5.2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{FeCl2}=n_{Fe}+n_{FeO}\rightarrow n_{FeO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{FeO}=0,2.\left(56+16\right)=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Câu 3 :
Cu không tác dụng với HCl, chỉ có Zn phản ứng.
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phản ứng: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\frac{13}{20}=65\%\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\frac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
Gọi số mol Fe là x; Al là y
\(\rightarrow56x+27y=22\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=1,5n_{Al}=x+1,5y=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{11,2}{22}=50,9\%\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49,1\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\frac{58,4}{7,3\%}=800\left(g\right)\)
Câu 5:
Gọi chung 2 kim loại là R hóa trị I
\(R+HCl\rightarrow RCl+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{RCl}=2n_{H2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{RCl}=0,04.\left(R+35,5\right)=2,58\rightarrow R=29\)
Vì 2 kim loại liên tiếp nhau \(\rightarrow\) 2 kim loại là Na x mol và K y mol
\(\rightarrow x+y=n_{RCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=m_R=23x+39y=0,04.29=1,16\left(g\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,025\\y=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na}=0,575\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Na}=\frac{0,575}{1,16}=49,57\%\rightarrow\%m_K=50,43\%\)
Câu 6:
Khối lượng mỗi phần là 35/2=17,5g
Gọi số mol Fe, Cu, Al là a, b, c
Ta có \(56a+64b=27c=17,5\)
Phần 1: \(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1,5b=n_{H2}=0,3\)
Phần 2: \(n_{Cl2}=\frac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3\)
\(\Rightarrow1,5a+b+1,5c=n_{Cl2}=0,465\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{17,5}=48\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\frac{0,1.64}{17,5}=36,57\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=100\%-48\%-36,57\%=15,43\%\)
Câu 1
2Al+6HCl--->2Alcl3+3H2
x-----------------------1,5x
Zn+2HCl---->Zncl2+H2
y---------------------------y
n H2=1/2=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=18,4\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Al=0,2.27/18,4.100%=29,35%
%m Zn=100%-29,35=70,65%
Câu 2.
Fe+2HCl---->FeCl2+H2
FeO+2HCl--->FeCl2+H2
n H2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
m H2=0,2(g)
n Fe=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Fe=0,2.56=11,2(g)
n FeCl2(1)=2n H2=0,2(mol)
m FeCl2(1)=0,2.127=25,4(g)
m FeCl2(PT2)=38,1-25,4=12,7(g)
n FeCl2=12,7/127=0,1(mol)
n FeO=n FeCl2=0,1(mol)
m FeO=0,1.72=7,2(g)
3.
Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
n H2=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
n Zn=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Zn=0,2.56=11,2(g)
%m Zn=11,2/20.100%=56%
%m Cu=100-56=34%
b) n HCl=2n H2=0,4(mol)
V H2=0,4/2=0,2(l)
4.
a) Fe+2HCl---.FeCl2+H2
x-----------------------------x(mol)
2Al+6HCl--->AlCl3+3H2
y------------------------------1,5y
n H2=17,92/22,4=0,89mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=22\\x+1,5y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Fe=0,2.56/22.100%=50,9%
%m Al=100-50,9=49,1%
b) n HCl=2n H2=1,6(mol)
m HCl=1,6.36,5=58,4(g)
m dd HCl=58,4.100/7,3=800(g)
Gọi \(n_{Fe}=a,n_{Mg}=b,n_{Cu}=c\)
Có (1): \(56a+24b+64c=24,8\)
Hỗn hợp muối: \(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3,MgSO_4,CuSO_4\)
=> (2):\(400a+120b+160c=132\)
Bảo toàn e (phản ứng với HCL dư)
QT oxi hóa:\(\overset{0}{Fe}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{Fe}+2e\), \(\overset{0}{Mg}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{Mg}+2e\)
QT khử: \(2.\overset{+1}{H}+2e\rightarrow H_2\)
Có \(n_{H_2}=\frac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\right):2a+2b=1\)
Từ (1),(2),(3)=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,3\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có số mol tính khối lượng bình thường là xong.
Gọi nFe = a (mol); nCu = b (mol)
56a + 64b = 15,6 (1)
PTHH:
2Fe + 3Cl2 -> (t°) 2FeCl3
a ---> 1,5a ---> a
Cu + Cl2 -> (t°) CuCl2
b ---> b ---> b
162,5a + 135b = 35,125 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
VCl2 = (0,05 . 1,5 + 0,2) . 22,4 = 6,16 (l)
mCu = 0,2 . 64 = 12,8 (g)
%mCu = 12,8/15,6 = 82,05%
%mFe = 100% - 82,05% = 17,95%