Dịch chính xác sang tiếng việt hộ mik A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation usually results...

Protein kinase là enzyme kinase làm biến đổi các protein khác bằng cách thêm các nhóm phosphate vào hóa học cho chúng (phosphoryl hóa). Phosphoryl hóa thường dẫn đến một sự thay đổi chức năng của protein mục tiêu (chất nền) bằng cách thay đổi hoạt động của enzyme, vị trí tế bào, hoặc liên kết với các protein khác. Bộ gen của con người chứa khoảng 560 gen kinase protein và chúng chiếm khoảng 2% tổng số gen của con người. [1] Có tới 30% tất cả các protein của con người có thể được thay đổi bởi hoạt động kinase [cần dẫn nguồn], và kinase được biết là điều chỉnh phần lớn các đường di động, đặc biệt là những người tham gia vào truyền tín hiệu. Protein kinaza cũng được tìm thấy trong vi khuẩn và thực vật, và bao gồm phân họ pseudokinase, biểu hiện các đặc điểm bất thường [2] bao gồm ràng buộc nucleotide không điển hình và hoạt động xúc tác yếu, hoặc không, [3] và là một phần của nhóm pseudoenzyme lớn hơn nhiều 'người bị' thoái hóa 'họ hàng được tìm thấy trong suốt cuộc đời, nơi họ tham gia tích cực vào tín hiệu tế bào cơ học. [4]Câu trả lời: Protein kinase là enzyme kinase làm biến đổi các protein khác bằng cách thêm các nhóm phosphate vào hóa học cho chúng (phosphoryl hóa). Phosphoryl hóa thường dẫn đến một sự thay đổi chức năng của protein mục tiêu (chất nền) bằng cách thay đổi hoạt động của enzyme, vị trí tế bào, hoặc liên kết với các protein khác. Bộ gen của con người chứa khoảng 560 gen kinase protein và chúng chiếm khoảng 2% tổng số gen của con người. [1] Có tới 30% tất cả các protein của con người có thể được thay đổi bởi hoạt động kinase [cần dẫn nguồn], và kinase được biết là điều chỉnh phần lớn các đường di động, đặc biệt là những người tham gia vào truyền tín hiệu. Protein kinaza cũng được tìm thấy trong vi khuẩn và thực vật, và bao gồm phân họ pseudokinase, biểu hiện các đặc điểm bất thường [2] bao gồm ràng buộc nucleotide không điển hình và hoạt động xúc tác yếu, hoặc không, [3] và là một phần của nhóm pseudoenzyme lớn hơn nhiều 'người bị' thoái hóa 'họ hàng được tìm thấy trong suốt cuộc đời, nơi họ tham gia tích cực vào tín hiệu tế bào cơ học. [4]

Dịch chính xác sang tiếng việt hộ mik A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically ad...

CD

Corn dog

28 tháng 7 2017

Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. ...

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Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us? Questions: After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions 1. What is the main topic of the article? Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology Benefit of biotechnology Modern research in biotechnology 2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to? Biotechnology The article The word "Biotechnology" 3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms? Beer, bread and cheese Bread and wine Beer and cheese Decide whether the statement below is True or False. 4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. TrueFalse 5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe. TrueFalse 6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts. TrueFalse

#Tiếng anh lớp 12

1

HT

Huy Thắng Nguyễn

28 tháng 7 2017

Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?

Questions:

After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions

1. What is the main topic of the article?

Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology

Benefit of biotechnology

Modern research in biotechnology

2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?

Biotechnology

The article

The word "Biotechnology"

3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?

Beer, bread and cheese

Bread and wine

Beer and cheese

Decide whether the statement below is True or False.

4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.

TrueFalse

5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.

TrueFalse

6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.

TrueFalse

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DD

Đào Đào

30 tháng 7 2020

Everyone knows that honeybees make honey, but how do they actually do it? Honeybees live in colonies, which means that they live with lots of other bees. Beehives, nests made of wax, are the places where they live and stow their honey. Honeybees drink nectar from flowers or other sweet deposits from plants or trees. The honey made by these bees is used to supply the colony with food during the cold winter when there arc no flowers to drink from. Thus, these bees not only consume the nectar...

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Everyone knows that honeybees make honey, but how do they actually do it? Honeybees live in colonies, which means that they live with lots of other bees. Beehives, nests made of wax, are the places where they live and stow their honey.

Honeybees drink nectar from flowers or other sweet deposits from plants or trees. The honey made by these bees is used to supply the colony with food during the cold winter when there arc no flowers to drink from. Thus, these bees not only consume the nectar for nourishment but also bring it home. They have a special organ called a honey stomach which is used to carry the food to their colony.

When honeybees come back home, they regurgitate what they have put in their honey stomachs. Other honeybees in the hive come along and help them. They repeatedly eat and regurgitate many times until the product becomes somewhat digested. Next, the bees move the syrupy product into open honeycomb cells. Then they beat their wings to fan it to prevent fermentation. The fanning makes the water evaporate so that the product gets thick enough. Now it cannot easily be attacked by bacteria. Finally, it can be called honey. After this process, honeybees seal up the honeycomb cells with wax until they are hungry.

The most impressive part of this process is how seamlessly a bee colony works together. In a colony, there are female worker bees, male drones, and one queen bee. Although there are both male and females in the hive, the majority of the work is done by females. The female worker bees are in charge of taking care of the hive and creating honey. When they are young, they take care of feeding the young bee larvae. When they are older, they go out and bring nectar back to the hive, where they begin making honey. The male drones are responsible for fertilizing the eggs, but require little energy as they spend their time waiting around the hive. The single queen bee is responsible for the colony's survival. She is the only female that can lay eggs. The wonderful substance called honey would not exist without the bees' teamwork.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The role of the female honeybee
B. Preventing fermentation in honey
C. Why honeybees build huge wax nests
D. How a honeybee colony works to make honey

2. What can be inferred from the passage about honey? A. It's not always the same color
B. It is only liked by a minority of people
C. Watery honey can go bad easily
D. It is created and cared for by the queen bee 3. What do honeybees do to prevent fermentation? A. Blow air on the honey by waving their wings
B. Overproduce honey using their legs
C. Feed the larvae the unfermented honey
D. Bring the honey to the honeycomb cells 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of honeybees? A. They work together in their colony.
B. They produce honey through a complex process
C. The queen bee is responsible for making honey
D The worker bees work both inside and outside of their hive.

#Tiếng anh lớp 12

1

H

Havee_😘💗

30 tháng 7 2020

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The role of the female honeybee
B. Preventing fermentation in honey
C. Why honeybees build huge wax nests
D. How a honeybee colony works to make honey

2. What can be inferred from the passage about honey?

A. It's not always the same color
B. It is only liked by a minority of people
C. Watery honey can go bad easily
D. It is created and cared for by the queen bee

3. What do honeybees do to prevent fermentation?

A. Blow air on the honey by waving their wings
B. Overproduce honey using their legs
C. Feed the larvae the unfermented honey
D. Bring the honey to the honeycomb cells

4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of honeybees?

A. They work together in their colony.
B. They produce honey through a complex process
C. The queen bee is responsible for making honey
D The worker bees work both inside and outside of their hive.

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DM

Dương Minh

16 tháng 1 2017

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. It’s a sound you will probably never hear, a sickened tree sending out a distress signal. But a group of scientists has heard the cries, and they think some insects also hear the trees and are drawn to them like vulture to a dying animal. Researchers with the US Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service fastened sensors to the bark of drought-stricken...

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#Tiếng anh lớp 12

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

16 tháng 1 2017

Đáp án C.

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HG

Hermione Granger

10 tháng 6 2018

Fill in the blanK: living in a modern World may have its advantages but it(1)............. has its disadvantages that one disadvantages of the modern way of life which stands(2)............. from the rest is the negative influence cars have(3)............. The environment. Today, all developed societies face a(4)........... range of problems Caused by cars and(5).........vehicles. These include air and noise pollution,(6)...........traffic and the ever growing numbers in f roads in our cities....

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#Tiếng anh lớp 12

2

HH

Hắc Hường

10 tháng 6 2018

also
out
on
wide
other
congested / heavy / busy
a result / a rule
up
to
time
about
support / join
good
over

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HG

Hermione Granger

10 tháng 6 2018

Giup mik voi!!! Can gap

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DM

Dương Minh

9 tháng 6 2018

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. It’s a sound you will probably never hear, a sickened tree sending out a distress signal. But a group of scientists has heard the cries, and they think some insects also hear the trees and are drawn to them like vulture to a dying animal. Researchers with the US Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service fastened sensors to the bark of drought-stricken...

Đọc tiếp

#Tiếng anh lớp 12

1

NH

Nguyen Hoang Hai

9 tháng 6 2018

Đáp án D.

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PJ

Park Ji Min

28 tháng 4 2017

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and...

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Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer

The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.

The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.

One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.

41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.

A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate

C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying

42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.

A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food

B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves

C. so hardworking that they dance all the time

D. so smart that they know where the food is

43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.

A. animals with natural system of communication

B. animals able to communicate with humans

C. animals possible to use language as humans

D. animals with a system of communication worked out by humans

44) The results of the experiment with chimpanzees show the possibility to teach animals _____.

A. how to use language freely

B. how to give orders

C. how to obey orders

D. how to understand words and sentences

45) The phrase “concerned with” is closest in meaning to ________________.

A. interested in B. responsible for C. related to D. joined to

#Tiếng anh lớp 12

2

NT

Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt

28 tháng 4 2017

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer

The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.

The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.

One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.

41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.

A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate

C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying

42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.

A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food

B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves

C. so hardworking that they dance all the time

D. so smart that they know where the food is

43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.

A. animals with natural system of communication

B. animals able to communicate with humans

C. animals possible to use language as humans

D. animals with a system of communication worked out by humans

44) The results of the experiment with chimpanzees show the possibility to teach animals _____.

A. how to use language freely

B. how to give orders

C. how to obey orders

D. how to understand words and sentences

45) The phrase “concerned with” is closest in meaning to ________________.

A. interested in B. responsible for C. related to D. joined to

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Q

Quìn

28 tháng 4 2017

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer

The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.

The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.

One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.

41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.

A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate

C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying

42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.

A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food

B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves

C. so hardworking that they dance all the time

D. so smart that they know where the food is

43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.

A. animals with natural system of communication

B. animals able to communicate with humans

C. animals possible to use language as humans