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1. a) Ta có BCNN(12, 15) = 60 nên ta lấy mẫu chung của hai phân số là 60.
Thừa số phụ:
60:12 =5; 60:15=4
Ta được:
\(\frac{5}{{12}} = \frac{{5.5}}{{12.5}} = \frac{{25}}{{60}}\)
\(\frac{7}{{15}} = \frac{{7.4}}{{15.4}} = \frac{{28}}{{60}}\)
b) Ta có BCNN(7, 9, 12) = 252 nên ta lấy mẫu chung của ba phân số là 252.
Thừa số phụ:
252:7 = 36; 252:9 = 28; 252:12 = 21
Ta được:
\(\frac{2}{7} = \frac{{2.36}}{{7.36}} = \frac{{72}}{{252}}\)
\(\frac{4}{9} = \frac{{4.28}}{{9.28}} = \frac{{112}}{{252}}\)
\(\frac{7}{{12}} = \frac{{7.21}}{{12.21}} = \frac{{147}}{{252}}\)
2. a) Ta có BCNN(8, 24) = 24 nên:
\(\frac{3}{8} + \frac{5}{{24}} = \frac{{3.3}}{{8.3}} + \frac{5}{{24}} = \frac{9}{{24}} + \frac{5}{{24}} = \frac{{14}}{{24}} = \frac{7}{{12}}\)
b) Ta có BCNN(12, 16) = 48 nên:
\(\frac{7}{{16}} - \frac{5}{{12}} = \frac{{7.3}}{{16.3}} - \frac{{5.4}}{{12.4}} = \frac{{21}}{{48}} - \frac{{20}}{{48}} = \frac{1}{{48}}\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 7:
7.1: I là trung điểm của AB
=>\(AB=2\cdot IA=4\left(cm\right)\)
7.2:
C nằm giữa A và B
=>AC+CB=AB
=>CB=10-8=2(cm)
C là trung điểm của NB
=>NC=CB=2cm
C là trung điểm của NB
=>\(NB=2\cdot NC=2\cdot2=4\left(cm\right)\)
Bài 6:
a: \(\dfrac{4}{5}=\dfrac{4\cdot6}{5\cdot6}=\dfrac{24}{30}\)
\(\dfrac{8}{15}=\dfrac{8\cdot2}{15\cdot2}=\dfrac{16}{30}\)
\(-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{-3\cdot15}{2\cdot15}=-\dfrac{45}{30}\)
b: \(2=\dfrac{2\cdot45}{45}=\dfrac{90}{45}\)
\(\dfrac{-10}{5}=\dfrac{-10\cdot9}{5\cdot9}=\dfrac{-90}{45}\)
\(\dfrac{7}{-9}=\dfrac{-7}{9}=\dfrac{-7\cdot5}{9\cdot5}=\dfrac{-35}{45}\)
c: \(\dfrac{3}{-2}=\dfrac{-3}{2}=\dfrac{-3\cdot6}{2\cdot6}=\dfrac{-18}{12}\)
\(\dfrac{5}{-6}=\dfrac{-5}{6}=\dfrac{-5\cdot2}{6\cdot2}=\dfrac{-10}{12}\)
\(\dfrac{-6}{4}=\dfrac{-6\cdot3}{4\cdot3}=\dfrac{-18}{12}\)
d: \(-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{-1\cdot15}{2\cdot15}=\dfrac{-15}{30}\)
\(\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{4\cdot10}{3\cdot10}=\dfrac{40}{30}\)
\(\dfrac{6}{-5}=\dfrac{-6}{5}=\dfrac{-6\cdot6}{5\cdot6}=\dfrac{-36}{30}\)
bài 5:
a: \(\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{9}{12};\dfrac{-3}{12}=\dfrac{-3}{12};\dfrac{-2}{3}=-\dfrac{8}{12};\dfrac{-1}{-6}=\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{2}{12}\)
mà -8<-3<2<9
nên \(-\dfrac{8}{12}< -\dfrac{3}{12}< \dfrac{2}{12}< \dfrac{9}{12}\)
=>\(\dfrac{-2}{3}< \dfrac{-3}{12}< \dfrac{-1}{-6}< \dfrac{3}{4}\)
b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{-7}{9}=\dfrac{-28}{36};\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{-12}{36};-1=-\dfrac{36}{36}\)
mà -36<-28<-12
nên \(-1< -\dfrac{28}{36}< -\dfrac{12}{36}\)
=>\(-1< \dfrac{-7}{9}< -\dfrac{1}{3}< 0\)
\(\dfrac{5}{12}=\dfrac{15}{36};\dfrac{-1}{-4}=\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{9}{36}\)
mà 9<15
nên \(0< \dfrac{1}{4}< \dfrac{5}{12}\)
=>\(-1< -\dfrac{7}{9}< -\dfrac{1}{3}< 0< \dfrac{1}{4}< \dfrac{5}{12}\)
c: \(\dfrac{-1}{-2};0;\dfrac{3}{10};1;\dfrac{-2}{-5};\dfrac{3}{-4}\)
\(-\dfrac{3}{4}< 0\)
\(\dfrac{-1}{-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{5}{10};\dfrac{3}{10}=\dfrac{3}{10};1=\dfrac{10}{10};\dfrac{-2}{-5}=\dfrac{4}{10}\)
mà 3<4<5<10
nên \(\dfrac{3}{10}< \dfrac{4}{10}< \dfrac{5}{10}< \dfrac{10}{10}\)
=>\(0< \dfrac{3}{10}< \dfrac{-2}{-5}< \dfrac{-1}{-2}< 1\)
=>\(-\dfrac{3}{4}< 0< \dfrac{3}{10}< \dfrac{-2}{-5}< \dfrac{-1}{-2}< 1\)
d: \(-\dfrac{37}{150}=\dfrac{-37}{150};\dfrac{17}{-50}=\dfrac{-17}{50}=\dfrac{-51}{150}\)
\(\dfrac{23}{-25}=\dfrac{-23}{25}=\dfrac{-138}{150};\dfrac{-7}{10}=\dfrac{-105}{150};\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{60}{150}\)
mà -138<-105<-60<-51<-37
nên \(-\dfrac{138}{150}< -\dfrac{105}{150}< -\dfrac{60}{150}< -\dfrac{51}{150}< -\dfrac{37}{150}\)
=>\(\dfrac{23}{-25}< \dfrac{-7}{10}< \dfrac{-2}{5}< \dfrac{-17}{50}< \dfrac{37}{-150}\)
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a)
Ta có: \(BCNN\left( {10,15} \right) = 30\) nên
\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{7}{{10}} = \dfrac{{7.3}}{{10.3}} = \dfrac{{21}}{{30}}\\\dfrac{{11}}{{15}} = \dfrac{{11.2}}{{15.2}} = \dfrac{{22}}{{30}}\end{array}\)
Vì \(21 < 22\) nên \(\dfrac{{21}}{{30}} < \dfrac{{22}}{{30}}\) do đó \(\dfrac{7}{{10}} < \dfrac{{11}}{{15}}\).
b)
Ta có: \(BCNN\left( {8,24} \right) = 24\) nên
\(\dfrac{{ - 1}}{8} = \dfrac{{ - 1.3}}{{8.3}} = \dfrac{{ - 3}}{{24}}\)
Vì \( - 3 > - 5\) nên \(\dfrac{{ - 3}}{{24}} > \dfrac{{ - 5}}{{24}}\) do đó \(\dfrac{{ - 1}}{8} > \dfrac{{ - 5}}{{24}}\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(1+2+3+4+...+n\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)\left[\left(n-1\right):1+1\right]:2\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1+1\right):2\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right):2\)
\(=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
b) \(2+4+6+..+2n\)
\(=\left(2n+2\right)\left[\left(2n-2\right):2+1\right]:2\)
\(=2\left(n+1\right)\left[2\left(n-1\right):2+1\right]:2\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1+1\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\)
c) \(1+3+5+...+\left(2n+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(2n+1\right)+1\right]\left\{\left[\left(2n-1\right)-1\right]:2+1\right\}:2\)
\(=\left(2n+1+1\right)\left[\left(2n-1-1\right):2+1\right]:2\)
\(=\left(2n+2\right)\left[\left(2n-2\right):2+1\right]:2\)
\(=2\left(n+1\right)\left[2\left(n-1\right):2+1\right]:2\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1+1\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\)
d) \(1+4+7+10+...+2005\)
\(=\left(2005+1\right)\left[\left(2005-1\right):3+1\right]:2\)
\(=2006\cdot\left(2004:3+1\right):2\)
\(=2006\cdot\left(668+1\right):2\)
\(=1003\cdot669\)
\(=671007\)
e) \(2+5+8+...+2006\)
\(=\left(2006+2\right)\left[\left(2006-2\right):3+1\right]:2\)
\(=2008\cdot\left(2004:3+1\right):2\)
\(=1004\cdot\left(668+1\right)\)
\(=1004\cdot669\)
\(=671676\)
g) \(1+5+9+...+2001\)
\(=\left(2001+1\right)\left[\left(2001-1\right):4+1\right]:2\)
\(=2002\cdot\left(2000:4+1\right):2\)
\(=1001\cdot\left(500+1\right)\)
\(=1001\cdot501\)
\(=501501\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Ta có BCNN(3,7)=21
Thừa số phụ: 21:3=7 và 21:7=3
\(\dfrac{2}{3} = \dfrac{{2.7}}{{3.7}} = \dfrac{{14}}{{21}}\) và \(\dfrac{{ - 6}}{7} = \dfrac{{ - 6.3}}{{7.3}} = \dfrac{{ - 18}}{{21}}\)
b) Ta có \(BCNN\left( {\left( {{2^2}{{.3}^2}} \right),\left( {{2^2}.3} \right)} \right) = {2^2}{.3^2}\)
Thừa số phụ \(\left( {{2^2}{{.3}^2}} \right):\left( {{2^2}.3^2} \right) = 1\) và \(\left( {{2^2}{{.3}^2}} \right):\left( {{2^2}.3} \right) = 3\)
\(\dfrac{5}{{{2^2}{{.3}^2}}}\) và \(\dfrac{{ - 7}}{{{2^2}.3}} = \dfrac{{ - 7.3}}{{{2^2}{{.3}^2}}} = \dfrac{{ - 21}}{{{2^2}{{.3}^2}}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
3: \(=20-12-8+12=20-8=12\)
5: \(=-18-42-21-35=-116\)
3: \(=-15+18-12+8=-27+26=-1\)
2: \(=-12+21-15+10=9-5=4\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2) -3(4 - 7) + 5(-3 + 2)
= -3.4 + 3.7 - 5.3 + 5.2
= -12 + 21 -15 + 10
= 31 - 27
= 4
4) -5(2 - 7) + 4(2 - 5)
= -5.2 + 5.7 + 4.2 - 4.5
= -10 + 35 + 8 - 20
= 38 - 30
= 8
a) 3 8 + 5 − 8 = 3 8 + − 5 8 = 3 + − 5 8 = − 2 8 = − 1 4
b) − 3 7 + 5 − 7 = − 3 7 + − 5 7 = − 3 + − 5 7 = − 8 7