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Ta có: BĐT\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a-\left(a+b\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{2b-\left(b+c\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c-\left(c+a\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\) (đúng)
Vậy BĐT luôn đúng với \(a\ge b\ge c>0\)
Tham khảo ở đây có đủ các cách cho bạn chọn lựa
Từ "Siêu tốc thần sầu" đến "tập thể dục" tha hồ luyện
!!!
https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/196314.html
For \(a\geq b\geq c>0\) we obtain:
\(\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{3}{2}=\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a-b}{2(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{(a-b)(c^2+ab+ac+bc)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\sum_{cyc}\frac{c^2a-c^2b}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a^2b-a^2c}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\frac{(a-b)(a-c)(b-c)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\geq0\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{a}{2b}+\dfrac{b}{2c}+\dfrac{c}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.3=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( BĐT AM - GM )
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho các số dương ta có :
\(+,\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\left(1\right)\)
Cmtt ta có : +, \(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a}\left(2\right)\)
+, \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c}{b}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế của các BĐT \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}-\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\cdot\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\cdot\dfrac{a-b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Lời giải:
Sử dụng pp biến đổi tương đương:
a) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a+b)^2\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a^2+2ab+b^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2)\geq 4ab\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2-2ab)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a-b)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xẩy ra khi $a=b$
c)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\) \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
b) \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)
Áp dụng 2 lần BĐT phần a: \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2(1)\)
Và: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4(2)\)
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)