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Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^3=0^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{y}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)^3+3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1^3}{x^3}+\frac{1^3}{y^3}+\frac{1^3}{z^3}=-3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
Lại có :
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{-1}{z}\\\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{-1}{x}\\\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{-1}{y}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\left(-3\right).\frac{-1}{z}.\frac{-1}{x}.\frac{-1}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy nếu \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) thì \(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{-1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{z}\right)^3\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{3}{x^2y}+\frac{3}{xy^2}=-\frac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{-3}{x^2y}-\frac{3}{xy^2}=\frac{-3}{xy}.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{-3}{xy}.-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=-\frac{1}{z}\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{z}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{3}{x^2y}+\frac{3}{xy^2}+\frac{1}{y^3}=\frac{-1}{z^3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{3}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{-1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}-\frac{3}{xyz}=-\frac{1}{z^3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
Thay vào A ta đc: \(A=xyz\cdot\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{yz}\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2=P+\frac{2\left(z+y+x\right)}{xyz}\)
Mà x+y+z=xyz
=> P+2=3=>P=1
Vậy P=1
\(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{3}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)-\frac{3}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)+z^3\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^3+\frac{1}{z^3}-\frac{3}{xy}\left(\frac{-1}{z}\right)\) (do \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{-1}{z}\))
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right).\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right]+\frac{3}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2017}{3}.xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=2017\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}=-\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right).P=\frac{2017}{3}xyz\left[-\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^3+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right]=-\frac{2017}{3}xyz\left(\frac{3}{yz^2}+\frac{3}{zy^2}\right)=-2017xyz\left(\frac{z+y}{z^2y^2}\right)=-2017\left(\frac{xyz^2+xy^2z}{y^2z^2}\right)=-2017\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\right)=-2017x\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=-2017.\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)x=2017\)
Xét: \(x+y+z=xyz\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{xyz}+\frac{y}{xyz}+\frac{z}{xyz}=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{xy}=1\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\sqrt{3}\)<=>\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}=3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)=3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2.1=3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2=3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=1\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh được với mọi \(x,y>0\) thì ta luôn có:
\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Thật vậy, xét hiệu \(x^3+y^3-xy\left(x+y\right)=x^3-x^2y+-xy^2+y^3=x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(x^3+y^3-xy\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (vì \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi \(x,y\) và \(x+y>0\))
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x-y=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=y\)
Vậy, bất đẳng thức \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y>0\)
Do đó, từ \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) ta suy ra:
\(x^3+y^3+xyz\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz\) (do \(x,y,z>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+y^3+xyz\ge xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3+y^3+1\ge xy\left(x+y+z\right)\) (do \(xyz=1\))
Khi đó, vì hai vế của bđt trên cùng dấu nên ta lấy nghịch đảo hai vế và đổi chiều bất đẳng thức, tức là:
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\frac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}\) (do \(xyz=1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}\le\frac{z}{x+y+z}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với vòng hoán vị \(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(z\), ta cũng chứng minh được:
\(\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}\le\frac{x}{x+y+z}\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\frac{y}{x+y+z}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\le\frac{z}{x+y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+z}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=y=z=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
CM : \(x^3y^3+y^3z^3+x^3z^3=3x^2y^2z^2\)
CM: \(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^6+y^6+z^6}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\frac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^2-2\left(x^3y^3+x^3z^3+y^3z^3\right)}{3xyz}=\frac{3x^2y^2z^2}{xyz}=xyz\)