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\(\dfrac{a-x}{b-y}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-x}{a}=\dfrac{b-y}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{x}{a}=1-\dfrac{y}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a-x}{b-y}=\frac{a}{b}\Rightarrow\left(a-x\right)b=\left(b-y\right)a\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-bx=ab-ay\Rightarrow bx=ay\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{a}{b}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Bài 4:
a) \(\dfrac{2.7.13}{26.35}=\dfrac{2.7.13}{13.2.7.5}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
b) \(\dfrac{23.5-23}{4-27}=\dfrac{23.\left(5-1\right)}{-23}=\dfrac{23.4}{-23}=-4\)
c) \(\dfrac{2130-15}{3550-25}=\dfrac{2115}{3525}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên ta có:
\(P< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên có:
\(P>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\) ta thu được ĐPCM
a, \(\dfrac{x}{2}=-\dfrac{5}{y}\Rightarrow xy=-10\Rightarrow x;y\inƯ\left(-10\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm5;\pm10\right\}\)
| x | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 5 | -5 | 10 | -10 |
| y | -10 | 10 | -5 | 5 | -2 | 2 | -1 | 1 |
c, \(\dfrac{3}{x-1}=y+1\Rightarrow\left(y+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=3\Rightarrow x-1;y+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
| x - 1 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
| y + 1 | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 4 | -2 |
| y | 2 | -4 | 0 | -2 |
b: =>xy=12
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(12;1\right);\left(6;2\right);\left(4;3\right)\right\}\)
\(\dfrac{a-x}{b-y}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-x\right).b=\left(b-y\right).a\)
\(\Rightarrow ab-xb=ba-ya\)
\(\Rightarrow xb=ya\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{x}{y}\) (đpcm)