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Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{abc+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{a\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{3a}\)
\(CMTT\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+b^2\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{3b}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c^2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{3c}\)\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{9^2}{9+3}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Chứng minh BĐT \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\) với \(\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Trước hết ta cm \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2b+y^2a}{ab}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+2xy}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2b+y^2a\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge ab\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)(vì tất cả các tử số và mẫu số đều dương)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2ab+y^2ab+x^2b^2+y^2a^2\ge abx^2+aby^2+2abxy\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2b^2-2abxy+y^2a^2\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xb-ya\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được cm
Để có đpcm thì ta chỉ cần áp dụng 2 lần BĐT ta vừa chứng minh xong:
\(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svácxơ, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{81}{12}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ a=b=c=3
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(b+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^2\left(b+1\right)}{16\left(b+1\right)}}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(c+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3b}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge\dfrac{27}{2}\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với :
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2+2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
nguồn : loga
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương: \(\Sigma\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\Sigma\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(1-\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(*)
Xét vế trái của (*), ta có: \(\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)(Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)
Đến đây, ta cần chỉ ra rằng \(\frac{\left(\Sigma\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+\Sigma\text{}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9\)\(\Leftrightarrow\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)(**)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz cho 2 bộ số \(\left(a;b\right)\)và \(\left(c;b\right)\), ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(ac+b^2\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge ac+b^2\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\ge ab+c^2\)(2); \(\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge bc+a^2\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)(Do đó (**) đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
\(1+a^2=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(1+b^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)\(;\)\(1+c^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) ( do a, b, c dương )
\(\frac{a}{1+a^2}+\frac{b}{1+b^2}+\frac{c}{1+c^2}=\frac{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
...
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}\le\frac{1}{2ab+2b+2}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)
Tương tự CM được:
\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{bc+c+1}\) và \(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{ab^2c+abc+ab}+\frac{b}{abc+ab+b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{b+1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+ab+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot1=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
A=\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\)+\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\)+\(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\)
ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\)=\(\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}\)\(\le\)\(\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
vì : a2+b2\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{a^2b^2}\)=2ab
b2+1\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{b^2x1}\)=2b
cmtt => A\(\le\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)x(\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{1}{bc+c+1}\)+\(\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\))
=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x(\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{ab}{ab^2c+abc+ab}\)+\(\frac{b}{cba+ab+b}\))
=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x (\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{ab}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{b}{ab+b+1}\))=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x\(\frac{ab+b+1}{ab+b+1}\)=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
\(\frac{1}{a^2}=\frac{1}{\left(bc\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+1=\frac{1}{\left(bc\right)^2}+1\ge2\frac{1}{bc}=2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\le\frac{9}{2}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\frac{9}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{9}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\) ; \(\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{3}{2}+3=\frac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có : \(a^2+\frac{1}{9}\ge\frac{2}{3}a\)
Suy ra
\(VT\le\Sigma\left(\frac{a}{\left(a^2+1\right)}\right)\le\Sigma\frac{a}{\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{8}{9}}=\Sigma\frac{9a}{6a+8}=\frac{9}{2}-\Sigma\frac{6}{4+3a}\le\frac{9}{2}-\frac{54}{12+3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{10}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Cách khác nhá.
Lời giải
Ta sẽ c/m:\(\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{18}{25}a+\frac{3}{50}\)
Thật vậy,ta có: BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+1}-\frac{18}{25}a-\frac{3}{50}\le0\)
Thật vậy:\(VT=\frac{-\left(4a+3\right)\left(3a-1\right)^2}{50\left(a^2+1\right)}\le0\forall x\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{18}{25}a+\frac{3}{50}\).Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\frac{18}{25}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{9}{50}=\frac{9}{10}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)