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Do vai trò a;b;c như nhau, không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(2\ge a\ge b\ge c\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le\dfrac{a}{c}\le2\)
Đồng thời \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc\ge b^2+ac\) (1)
Chia 2 vế của (1) cho \(bc:\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}+1\ge\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Chia 2 vế của (1) cho \(ab\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
Cộng vế: \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\le\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+2\)
Do đó:
\(S=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+3\)
\(S\le2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=x\Rightarrow1\le x\le2\)
\(S\le2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+5=\dfrac{2x^2-5x+2}{x}+10=\dfrac{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x}+10\le10\)
\(S_{max}=10\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;2\right);\left(1;2;2\right)\) và các hoán vị
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cám ơn bài giải của thầy Lâm ạ!
Và từ bài bất đăng thức này, đã được chế thành bài toán hình học trong 1 kì thi học sinh giỏi toán cấp tỉnh thầy ạ!
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Đề bài hình như bị sai em, thay điểm rơi ko thỏa mãn
Biểu thức là \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\) mới đúng
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\dfrac{a-1}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}\right]+1\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{bc+b+c+1}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right)+1\)
Do \(a;b;c\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le1\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left[\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;0\right);\left(1;1;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right);\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị