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\(A=\frac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Đặt: \(ab=x;bc=y;ac=z\)=> xyz = 1; x,y,z>0
\(A=\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+x}+\frac{x}{z+y}=\frac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\frac{z^2}{yz+xz}+\frac{x^2}{zx+xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+xz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z= 1 => a = b = c = 1
Vậy gtnn của A = 3/2 tại a = b = c = 1
Vì \(abc=1\)nên trong 3 số a,b,c luôn có 2 số nằm cùng phía so với 1.
Không mất tính tổng quát ta giả sử 2 số đó là a và b, khi đó ta có:
\(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a+b\le1+ab=\frac{c+1}{c}\)
Do đó ta được:
\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(1+a+b+ab\right)\left(c+1\right)\)
\(=2\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+c\right)\le\frac{2\left(c+1\right)^2}{c}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{1}{1+ab}=\frac{c}{c+1}\)
Do đó ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+c\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\frac{c\left(c+1\right)+1+c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=1\)
Như vậy bất đẳng thức ban đầu được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xẩy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\).
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge1\)
<=> \(\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2+\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2+\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)^2\)
\(+2\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)đúng vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(\frac{a^2+1}{c^2a^2}=\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2c^2}=\frac{1}{c^2}+b^2\)
CMTT: \(\frac{b^2+1}{a^2b^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}+c^2\)
\(\frac{c^2+1}{b^2c^2}=\frac{1}{b^2}+a^2\)
=> \(\frac{a^2+1}{c^2a^2}+\frac{b^2+1}{a^2b^2}+\frac{c^2+1}{b^2c^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng bđt: x2 + y2 + z2 \(\ge\)xy + yz + xz
CM đúng: <=> (x - y)2 + (y - z)2 + (z - x)2 \(\ge\)0 (luôn đúng với mọi x,y, z)
Do đó: \(\frac{a^2+1}{c^2a^2}+\frac{b^2+1}{a^2b^2}+\frac{c^2+1}{b^2c^2}\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}+ab+bc+ac=a+b+c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(=a\left(b+1\right)+b\left(c+1\right)+c\left(a+1\right)\)(đpcm)
Vì abc = 1 nên \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)\(=\frac{ac}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{abc}{abc^2+abc+ac}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=\frac{ac+c+1}{ac+c+1}=1\)(*)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức và áp dụng đẳng thức (*), ta được:
\(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(\frac{b}{bc+b+1}\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2}{c}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Đặt: \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{z}.\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+1+1\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Khi đó: \(\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left[ab+bc+ca+a^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+b^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+c^2\right]\)
\(=\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)là số chính phương.