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Cho bài toán phụ : Cho a ; b là các số thực dương
C/m : \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{ab+1}\)
Do a ; b là các số thực dương \(\Rightarrow ab\ge1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+1}-\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}-\frac{1}{ab+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+1-a^2-1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}+\frac{ab+1-b^2-1}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(ab-a^2\right)\left(b^2+1\right)+\left(ab-b^2\right)\left(a^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab^3-a^2b^2+ab-a^2+a^3b-a^2b^2+ab-b^2}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2ab-2a^2b^2-a^2-b^2}{...}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(ab-1\right)-2ab\left(ab-1\right)}{...}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{...}\ge0\)
Dễ thấy mẫu luôn dương , tử \(\ge0\) => luôn đúng
=> BĐT được c/m
Áp dụng BĐT phụ ( từ bài toán phụ trên ) , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}=\frac{2c^2+2+ab+1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)
( * )
Có : \(\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{4c^2+2ab+6-3abc^2-3c^2-3ab-3}{...}=\frac{c^2+3-ab-3abc^2}{...}=\frac{c^2+bc+ac-3abc^2}{...}=\frac{c\left(a+b+c-3abc\right)}{...}\)\(\left(ab+bc+ac=3\right)\) ( 1 )
Do a , b , c là các số thực dương , áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 số , ta có : \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\left(ab+bc+ac=3\right)\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}-\frac{3}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) ( *' )
Từ (*) và (*') => ĐPCM
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\frac{2a}{2\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}+2}+\frac{2b}{2\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(c^2-c+1\right)}+2}+\frac{2c}{2\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}+2}\)
\(P\ge\frac{2a}{b^2+4}+\frac{2b}{c^2+4}+\frac{2c}{a^2+4}\)
\(2P\ge\frac{4a}{b^2+4}+\frac{4b}{c^2+4}+\frac{4c}{a^2+4}=a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+4}+b-\frac{bc^2}{c^2+4}+a-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+4}\)
\(2P\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab^2}{4b}+\frac{bc^2}{4c}+\frac{ca^2}{4a}\right)\)
\(2P\ge6-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6-\frac{1}{12}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Mấy cái dấu "=" anh tự xét.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a) Áp dụng: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
b) \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{2}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{2}.\frac{9}{2\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
