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1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
1)
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+4c\right)}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\frac{3\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
2)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\sqrt[3]{2a\left(ab+1\right)^2}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\frac{2a+\left(ab+1\right)+\left(ab+1\right)}{3}}=3\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{ab+a+1}\)
Ta có bổ đề: \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=1\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}\ge3\)
BĐT
<=> \(\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{3\left(ac+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a\left(a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right)}{b+c}+...\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{abc}{b+c}\le abc.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right)\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(luôn đúng )
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách này chủ yếu biến đổi tương đương nên chắc phù hợp với lớp 8
Nếu sử dụng SOS nhìn vào sẽ làm đc liền vì có Nesbitt lẫn \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Câu 2/
\(\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{1}{c}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-b\right)}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4-a^4b^2c^2-a^2b^4c^2-a^2b^2c^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\ge a^4b^2c^2+a^2b^4c^2+a^2b^2c^4\left(1\right)\)
Ma ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^4b^4+b^4c^4\ge2a^2b^4c^2\left(2\right)\\b^4c^4+c^4a^4\ge2a^2b^2c^4\left(3\right)\\c^4a^4+a^4b^4\ge2a^4b^2c^2\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng (2), (3), (4) vế theo vế rồi rút gọn cho 2 ta được điều phải chứng minh là đúng.
PS: Nếu nghĩ được cách khác đơn giản hơn sẽ chép lên cho b sau. Tạm cách này đã.
a)
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz , ta có :
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\) (1)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\ge3\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) , suy ra : \(A\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}{a+b+c}=4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{abc+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{a\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{3a}\)
\(CMTT\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+b^2\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{3b}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c^2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{3c}\)\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)}{b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{c}\)
\(=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
mà \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)(dễ chứng minh)
chứng minh tương tự ta có
\(\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)}{b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{c}\)\(\ge\)6
\(\left(\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)}{b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{c}\right)^2\ge6^2=36\)(2) (a>0; b>0; c>0)
tiếp theo chứng minh
\(36\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(18\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(18a^2+18b^2+18c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(16\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(16\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (bất đẳng thức luôn đúng )
suy ra bất đẳng thức
\(36\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)luôn đúng (2)
từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(\left(\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)}{b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{c}\right)^2\ge\text{}\text{36}\ge\)\(4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)