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a )
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2`
`=a^3+b^3 =VT (đpcm)`
b)
b) Ta có
`VT=a3+b3+c3−3abc`
`=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b)+c3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)3+c3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)2+c2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+2ab+c2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
a) Ta có:
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3 + b^3+3ab ( a + b )- 3ab ( a + b )`
`=a^3 + b^3=VT(dpcm)`
b) Ta có
`VT=a^3+b^3+c^3−3abc`
`=(a+b)^3−3ab(a+b)+c^3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)^3+c^3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2+c^2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+2ab+c^2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3abc\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(c^3+a^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(2bc-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(2ca-ca\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Cách khác dễ hiểu hơn
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si 2 số ko âm
Ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{a^4}=2a^2\)
Tương tự rồi sau đó lại có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si với 3 số k âm
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{a^3}{b}+b^2\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^3.a^3.b^2}}{b^2}=3a^2\)
\(\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{b^3}{c}+b^2\ge3b^2\)
\(\frac{c^3}{a}+\frac{c^3}{a}+c^2\ge3c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(A=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(z^2-x^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(-y^2+z^2-x^2+y^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=\left(y^2-z^2\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(z-y\right)=\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z-x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(B=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=ab^3-ac^3+bc^3-a^3b+a^3c-b^3c=ab\left(b^2-a^2\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=-ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(-a^2b-ab^2-c^3+a^2c+abc+b^2c\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)\cdot c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
(a2+b2+c2)2>2(a4+b4+c4)
<=> a4 + b4 + c4+ 2a2b2 + 2a2c2 + 2b2c2 > 2(a4 + b4 + c4)
<=> a4 + b4 + c4 - 2a2b2 - 2a2c2 - 2b2c2 < 0
<=> (a2 - b2 - c2)2 - 4b2c2 <0
<=> (a2 - b2 - c2)2 <4b2c2
<=> a2 - b2 - c2<4b2c2
<=> a2 < (b+c)2
<=> a < b+c ( a,b,c >0)
CMTT với b và c ta có
b < a + c
c< b + a
>>> ĐPCM
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