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Ta có \(a\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b\ge a^2+ab-a\)
Tương tự \(b^2c\ge b^2+bc-b;c^2a\ge c^2+ca-a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca-a-b-c+1\)\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\)
1)
\(2a+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{16}{a+2}=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left[\left(a+2\right)+\frac{16}{a+2}\right]-2\ge4+8-2=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=2
2)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4a\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4a+1-4a}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4b+1-4b}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4c+1-4c}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{8}\)
\(-1\le a,b,c\le4\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+1\right)\left(a-4\right)\le0\\\left(b+1\right)\left(b-4\right)\le0\\\left(c+1\right)\left(c-4\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2\le3a+4\\b^2\le3b+4\\c^2\le3c+4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2\le3a+4\\2b^2\le6b+8\\3c^2\le9c+12\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+3c^2\le3\left(a+2b+3c\right)+24\)
Thay \(a+2b+3c\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+3c^2\le3.4+24=36\) (đpcm)
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{2bc}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{-2bc}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{2a^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
ÁP dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(\sum\dfrac{2a^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
và \(\sum\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a-c\right)^2}{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
( Lưu ý : \(\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(a-c\right)^2\)) (1)
Do vậy cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2\left(a-c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)^2+4\left(a-c\right)^2\ge6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc-ac-b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\ge0\) (*)
(*) không phải luôn đúng, tuy nhiên ta có thể ép cho nó đúng .
bằng cách đáng giá tương tự BĐT (1) :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\\\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ta thu được BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\ge0\left(3\right)\\\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy \(\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right).\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right).\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)=\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\right]^2\ge0\)
tích của chúng là 1 số không âm nên có ít nhất 1 số không âm .Chứng tỏ có ít nhất 1 BĐT đúng
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
3.
\(\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+2\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi
+ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\dfrac{a}{c}\)
......
tương tự với 2 cái sau
we have that: \(\sqrt{a^4+b^2+c^2+1}=\sqrt{a^4-a^2+2}\)
and \(\dfrac{-a^2+11}{8}\le\sqrt{a^4-a^2+2}\le\sqrt{2}\) \(\left(a\in\left(0;1\right)\right)\)
