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Bài 5 nha:
\(a+\frac{1}{b}=b+\frac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow a-b=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{b}.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)=\frac{b-c}{bc}_{\left(1\right)}\)
\(a+\frac{1}{b}=c+\frac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow a-c=\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)=\frac{b-a}{ab}_{\left(2\right)}\)
\(c+\frac{1}{a}=b+\frac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow c-b=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)=\frac{a-c}{ac}_{\left(3\right)}\)
Nhân từng vế của (1) ; (2) và (3) , ta được :
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow abc=1\)hoặc \(abc=\left(-1\right)\)
Bài 3:
Ta có : \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(=1+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\Leftrightarrow1=1+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)(*)
áp dụng kết quả sau :
Ta có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
Thấy vậy : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b+c\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right)-3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)^33\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
áp dụng vào bài toán, ta có :
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-3xyz=\frac{1}{2}\times1\times2=1\Leftrightarrow xyz=0\)(**)
Mà \(x+y+z=1\)(***)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)x ; y ; z là 3 nghiệm của pt bậc 3 sau : \(U^3-U^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow U=0\)hoặc \(U=1\)
=> 1 trong 3 phần tử x ; y ; z =1 ; 2 phần tử còn lại sẽ = 0
Do đó \(x+y^2+z^3=1\)
=> điều phải chứng minh.
\(x+y+z=a\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=a^2\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=\frac{a^2-b}{2}\\ \)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{\left(a^2-b\right)c}{2}\)
Ta có
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\right)+3xyz\)
\(=a\left(b-\frac{a^2-b}{2}\right)+3\frac{\left(a^2-b\right)c}{2}\)
Áp dụng Cô si cho 2 số dương ta đc:
\(2\sqrt{4a\left(3a+b\right)}\le4a+\left(3a+b\right)=7a+b\)
Tương tự: \(2\sqrt{4b\left(3b+a\right)}\le4b+\left(3b+a\right)=7b+a\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{4a\left(3a+b\right)}+2\sqrt{4b\left(3b+a\right)}\le8\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}\le2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4a=3a+b\\4b=3b+a\\a,b>0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)
Giải HPT:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-z=c\\y+z-x=a\\z+x-y=b\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2y=c+a\\2z=a+b\\2x=b+c\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}}\hept{\begin{cases}y=\frac{c+a}{2}\\x=\frac{a+b}{2}\\x=\frac{b+c}{2}\end{cases}}\)
1 ) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy :
\(2\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}=\sqrt{4a\left(3a+b\right)}\le\frac{4a+3a+b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(2\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}\le\frac{4b+3b+a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}\right)\le\frac{8a+8b}{2}=4\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}\le2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}}\ge\frac{a+b}{2\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b>0\)