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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,02=\dfrac{1}{75}\left(mol\right)\\ b,\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{75}.27}{30}.100=1,2\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-1,2\%=98,8\%\)
A.Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
Cu + H2SO4 -×->(không pư)
B. nH2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1(mol)
nMg = nH2 = 0,1mol
mMg = 0,1.24 = 2,4 (g)
mCu = 10 - 2,4 = 7,6(g)
C. %Mg = 2,4/10 ×100 = 24%
%Cu = 100 - 24 = 76%
\(2Mg+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2MgO\\ 2Cu+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2CuO\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=x\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=y\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ TheoPT:\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=24\\\dfrac{x}{24}.40=25\%.\left(\dfrac{x}{24}.40+\dfrac{y}{64}.80\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
b, Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{11}=49,09\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2 dư
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(m_{Al}=a\left(g\right)\left(0< a< 11\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=11-a\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11-a}{56}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{27}\) \(\dfrac{a}{18}\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\) \(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)
\(\rightarrow pt:\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{11-a}{56}=0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=a=5,4\left(g\right)\left(TM\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11}=49,1\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,1\%=50,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
LTL: \(0,2< 0,4\rightarrow\) H2 dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
a) Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{SO_2}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{20,8}.100=61,54\%\); \(\%m_{CuO}=38,46\%\)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20,8-12,8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.98}{80\%}=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3.160=48\left(g\right)\)
a) 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
______a--->0,5a-------->a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,2
=> a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
=> mMg = 0,1.24 = 2,4 (g); mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,769\%\\\%Al=\dfrac{5,4}{7,8}.100\%=69,231\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 4 + 10,2 = 14,2 (g)
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\%m_{Al}=29,7\%m_{hh}=2,7027g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{Cu}=9,1-2,7027=6,3973g\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=0,1mol\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
0,1 0,075 0,05
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
0,1 0,05 0,1
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\cdot102=5,1g\)
\(m_{CuO}=0,1\cdot80=8g\)
\(\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,075+0,05=0,125mol\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=2,8l\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=14l\)
mAl = 29,7% . 9,1 = 2,7 (g)
mCu = 9,1 - 2,7 = 6,4 (g)
nAl = 2,7/27 = 0,1 (mol)
nCu = 6,4/64 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH:
2Al + 3O2 -> (t°) 2Al2O3
0,1 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,05
2Cu + O2 -> (t°) 2CuO
0,1 ---> 0,05 ---> 0,1
mAl = 0,05 . 102 = 5,1 (g)
mCuO = 0,1 . 80 = 8 (g)
Vkk = 22,4 . 5 . (0,15 + 0,5) = 44,8 (l)