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a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=2,4\left(g\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,8______0,8
Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=C_{M_{NaOH}}+2C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=2,2\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{OH^-}=\dfrac{0,8}{2,2}\approx0,36\left(l\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,025.0,02=0,0005\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,025.0,05=0,00125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+n_{NaOH}=0,00225\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,00225\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi: VX = x (l)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,1x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1x+0,2x=0,00225\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,0075\left(l\right)=7,5\left(ml\right)\)
Sửa 60 ml dung dịch HCl 0,1M thành 600 ml dung dịch HCl 0,1M
Phần 2 :
$Ba(OH)_2 + K_2CO_3 \to BaCO_3 + 2KOH$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = n_{BaCO_3} = \dfrac{0,197}{197} = 0,01(mol)$
Phần 1 :
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Ba(OH)_2} + n_{NaOH}$
$\Rightarrow n_{NaOH} = 0,6.0,1 - 0,01.2 = 0,04(mol)$
\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4M\\
C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,1}=0,1M\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,25.V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.V\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{OH^-}=0,25.V+2.0,5.V=1,25V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,55.2=1,1\left(mol\right)=>n_{H^+}=1,1\left(mol\right)\)
H+ + OH- --> H2O
1,1->1,1
=> 1,25.V = 1,1
=> V = 0,88(l)
PTHH: \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,25\cdot1=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=1,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1,25}{2}=0,625\left(l\right)=625\left(ml\right)\)
nNaOH = 0.19*3=0.57 mol
nBa(OH)2= 0.19*4=0.76 mol
nOH-= 0.57 + 0.76*2=2.09 mol
nHCl= 1V (mol)
nH2SO4= 2V(mol)
nH+ = 1V + 2V*2=5V mol
H+ + OH- ---> H2O
2.09__2.09
<=> 5V = 2.09
=> V = 0.418