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\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,25 0,5 0,25
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,25.1}{1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.2}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
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\(a,PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{MgCO3}=\dfrac{42}{84}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2CH_3COOH+MgCO_3\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+CO_2+H_2O\)
1 0,5 0,5
a) \(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
b) \(V_{CH3COOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)
c) Pt : \(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
1 1
300ml = 0,3l
\(C_{MCH3COONa}=\dfrac{1}{0,3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\left(M\right)\)
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2CH3COOH+Mg->(CH3COO)2Mg+H2
0,02---------------0,01-------0,01----------0,01
n muối=0,01mol
=>CM=\(\dfrac{0,02}{0,04}=0,5M\)
=>VH2=0,01.22,4=0,224l
CH3COOH+NaOH->CH3COONa+H2O
0,02--------------0,02
=>VNaOH=\(\dfrac{0,02}{0,75}=0,03l\)
a) \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=\dfrac{1,42}{142}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
0,01<-------0,02<------------0,01------->0,01
=> \(C_{M\left(dd.CH_3COOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,04}=0,5M\)
b) VH2 = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 (l)
c)
PTHH: NaOH + CH3COOH --> CH3COONa + H2O
0,02<------0,02
=> \(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,75}=\dfrac{2}{75}\left(l\right)=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(ml\right)\)
2CH3COOH+CaCO3-to>(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2
0,4-----------------0,2----------------------------------------0,2
2CH3COOH+CaO->(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O
0,1----------------0,05
n CO2=0,2 mol
=>%m CaCO3=\(\dfrac{0,2.100}{22,8}100=87,72\%\)
=>%m CaO=12,28%
=>n CaO=0,05 mol
=>VCH3COOH=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
0,2<---------0,4<------------------------------0,2
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{22,8}=87,72\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-87,72\%=12,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{22,8-20}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaO + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
0,05---->0,1
=> \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1+0,4}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{a}{60}\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,5a}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{60}}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{1,5a}{46}}{1}\) => HIệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
\(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1,2a}{88}}{\dfrac{a}{60}}.100\%=81,82\%\)
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35.22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,35.152=53,2\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,35=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
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Câu 9 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
→ \(V_{H2\left(dtkc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(V_{ddCH3COOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(m_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=0,2.101=20,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Pt : \(CH_3COOH+KOH\rightarrow CH_3COOK+H_2O\)
0,4 0,4
\(C_{MddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
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