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\(1.\\ n_A=\dfrac{16,8}{A}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,8}{A}=0,3\\ \Rightarrow A=56g/mol\\ \Rightarrow A.là.Fe\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.A\\ 2.\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 3.\\ Axit:H_2SO_4;HCl\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 4.\\ 3,719l\Rightarrow3,7185\\ CTHH:R\\ n_R=\dfrac{3,6}{R}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{R}=0,15\\ \Rightarrow R=24g/mol,Mg\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\)
Gọi hóa trị của R là x
PTHH: \(2R+xH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_x+xH_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_R=\dfrac{2\cdot0,15}{x}=\dfrac{0,3}{x}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R=\dfrac{8,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{x}}=28x\left(g/mol\right)\)
Khi \(x=1\Rightarrow M_R=28\left(loai\right)\)
Khi \(x=2\Rightarrow M_R=56\left(Fe\right)\)
Khi \(x=3\Rightarrow M_R=84\left(loai\right)\)
Vậy kim loại R là Fe (II)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{39}{65}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.24,79=14,874\left(l\right)\)
d, - Quỳ tím hóa đỏ do HCl dư.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,05<--0,1----->0,05--->0,05
\(m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl2}=0,05.127=6,35\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dkc\right)}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
\(R+2H_2O->R\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\\ n_R=n_{ROH}\\ \Rightarrow16,44:M_R=\dfrac{20,52}{M_R+17\cdot2}\\ M_R=137\left(Ba:barium\right)\)
\(n_R=\dfrac{16,44}{R}\left(mol\right);n_{R\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20,52}{R+\left(1+16\right).2}=\dfrac{20,52}{R+34}\left(mol\right)\\ R+H_2O\xrightarrow[]{}R\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_R=n_{R\left(OH\right)_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16,44}{R}=\dfrac{20,52}{R+34}\\ \Leftrightarrow16,44.\left(R+34\right)=R.20,52\\ \Leftrightarrow16,44R+558,96=20,52R \\ \Leftrightarrow558,96=20,52R-16,44R\\ \Leftrightarrow558,96=4,08R\\ \Leftrightarrow R=137\\\)
⇒R là Ba(Bari, 137)
nH2 = 1,2395/24,79 = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH: R + 2HCl -> RCl2 + H2
nR = 0,05 (mol)
M(R) = 2,8/0,05 = 56 (g/mol)
=> R là Fe
nH2 = 1,2395 : 24,79 = 0,05 (mol)
pthh : R + 2HCl ---> RCl2 + H2
0,05 <-----------------0,05 (mol)
=> MR = 2,8 : 0,05 = 56 (g/mol )
=> R : Fe