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Bài 8:
nH2SO4=0,5(mool)
PTHH: 2 KOH + H2SO4 -> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
nKOH= 2.0,5=1(mol) => mKOH=1.56=56(g)
=> mddKOH= (56.100)/25=224(g)
Bài 7:
mddNaOH= 2.1000.1,15=2300(g)
=> mNaOH=2300.30%=690(g)
=>nNaOH=690/40=17,25(mol)
??? Ủa xút là NaOH mà??
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2--->0,2--------->0,2------>0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{20\%}=98\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{1,14}=86\left(ml\right)=0,086\left(l\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,086}=2,33M\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
(mol).......0,3........0,6.........0,3.......0,3
a) \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(200ml=0,2l\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)
d) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,2......0,3
Phản ứng: 0,2....0,2.....0,2.....0,2
Dư:.....................0,1
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\left(0,2< 0,3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H_2\) dư
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(Đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{200}.100\%=7,3\%\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=200ml=0,2l\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}{V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
b) Theo PTHH có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=n_{CaCO_3}.M_{CaCO_3}=0,1.74=7,4\left(g\right)\)
B1 : nFe = 11,2 /56 = 0,2 (mol)
Fe+ 2HCl -- . FeCl2 + H2
mFeCl2 = 0,2.127 = 25,4 (g)
VH2 = 0,2 .22,4 = 4,48 (l)
mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6(g)
C%\(_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{ }{ }\)\(\dfrac{14,6.100}{280}=5,2\%\)
C2 :
2Al + 3H2SO4 -- > Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
nH2 = 17,92/22,4 = 0,8 (mol)
mAl = (2/3.0,8 ) .27 = 14,4 (g)
mAl2(SO4)3 = (1/3 . 0,8 ) . 342 = 91,2 (g)
mH2SO4 = 0,8 . 98 = 78,4 (g)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,4.100}{120}=65,33\%\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2...................0.2..........0.2\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.2\cdot127=25.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=11.2+200-0.2\cdot2=210.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25.4}{210.8}\cdot100\%=12.05\%\)
Bài 32:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\) → Pư tạo 2 muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,15\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,05.100=5\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) > mCaCO3 → m dd tăng.
Bài 33:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6.0,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=1,33\) → Pư tạo muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,4\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,4.44 = 17,6 (g) < mCaCO3 → m dd giảm.
B1/
nCO2= 2.24/22.4=0.1 mol
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
0.1_______0.1_______0.1
mCa(OH)2=0.1*74=7.4g
mddCa(OH)2= 7.4*100/5=148g
mCaCO3= 0.1*100=10g
B2/
nCuO= 6.4/80=0.08 mol
CuO + H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + H2O
0.08_____0.08_____0.08
mH2SO4= 0.08*98=7.84g
mddH2SO4= 7.84*100/20=39.2g
mdd sau phản ứng = 6.4 + 39.2=45.6g
mCuSO4= 0.08*160=12.8g
C%CuSO4= 12.8/45.6*100%=28.07%