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\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
a) nH2 = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 (MOL)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
x x x (mol)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
y y y (mol)
ta có
65x + 24y = 11,3
x+y=0,3
=> x = 0,1 (mol)
=> y = 0,2 (mol)
=> mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (G)
=> %mMg = \(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\) . 100% = 42,47 %
=> %mZn = 100% - 42,47% = 57,53 %
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Mg
nH2 =\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol
Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
.....x......................................x
....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
.....y.......................................y
Ta có hệ pt: {65x+24y=11,3
x+y=0,3
⇔{x=0,1y=0,2
%mZn = 0,1×6511,3.100%=57,5%
%mMg = 0,2×24\11,3.100%=42,5%
Pt: Fe3O4 + 4H2 --to--> 3Fe + 4H2O
0,075 mol<-0,3 mol
mFe3O4 = 0,075 . 232 = 17,4 (g)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v
a)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(0,4.2\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
b)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v
a)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH: nH2=12.nHCl=12.(0,4.2)=0,4(mol)nH2=12.nHCl=12.(0,4.2)=0,4(mol)
=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
b)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)
=> {nMgCl2=0,1(mol)nAlCl3=0,2(mol){nMgCl2=0,1(mol)nAlCl3=0,2(mol)
=> ⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩CM(AlCl3)=0,20,4=0,5MCM(MgCl2)=0,10,4=0,25M
a)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,3<-----------------0,3
=> mMg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)
=> mAg = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
a) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b) Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al.
nH2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a 2a a a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b 3b b 3/2b
Ta có hệ pt:
mhh = 24a + 27b = 5,1 (g)
nH2 = a + 3/2b = 0,25 (mol)
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
b = 0,1 (mol)
200 ml = 0,2 l
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (mol)
=> CM ddHCl = 0,5/0,2 = 2,5 (M)
%mMg = 24a/5,1*100% = 2,4/5,1*100% = 47,06%
%mAl = 100%-47,06% = 52,94%