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c/C=\(\frac{2x^2+2x}{1-x}-\frac{x}{x-1}=\frac{2x^2+2x+x}{1-x}=\frac{2x^2+3x}{1-x}\)
d/C thuộc Z thì C=\(\frac{\left(2x^2-2x\right)+\left(5x-5\right)+5}{1-x}=\frac{-2x\left(1-x\right)-5\left(1-x\right)+5}{1-x}=-2x-5+\frac{5}{1-x}\Rightarrow1-x\in\left(+-1,+-5\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\\x=-4\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/A đã rút gọn B=\(\frac{1-2x}{x^2-3x+2}+\frac{x+1}{x-2}=\frac{1-2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{1-2x+x^2-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{x}{x-1}\)b/\(\left|x-2\right|=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=3\\x-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B=\frac{2.5^2+2.5}{1-5}=-15\\B=\frac{2.\left(-1\right)^2+2\left(-1\right)}{1-\left(-1\right)}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) 2( x - 1 )2 - 4( 3 + x )2 + 2x( x - 5 )
= 2( x2 - 2x + 1 ) - 4( 9 + 6x + x2 ) + 2x2 - 10x
= 2x2 - 4x + 2 - 36 - 24x - 4x2 + 2x2 - 10x
= ( 2x2 - 4x2 + 2x2 ) + ( -4x - 24x - 10x ) + ( 2 - 36 )
= -38x - 34
b) 2( 2x + 5 )2 - 3( 4x + 1 )( 1 - 4x )
= 2( 4x2 + 20x + 25 ) + 3( 4x + 1 )( 4x - 1 )
= 8x2 + 40x + 50 + 3( 16x2 - 1 )
= 8x2 + 40x + 50 + 48x2 - 3
= 56x2 + 40x + 47
c) ( x - 1 )3 - x( x - 3 )2 + 1
= x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1 - x( x2 - 6x + 9 ) + 1
= x3 - 3x2 + 3x - x3 + 6x2 - 9x
= 3x2 - 6x
d) ( x + 2 )3 - x2( x + 6 )
= x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 - x3 - 6x2
= 12x + 8
e) ( x - 2 )( x + 2 ) - ( x + 1 )3 - 2x( x - 1 )2
= x2 - 4 - ( x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 ) - 2x( x2 - 2x + 1 )
= x2 - 4 - x3 - 3x2 - 3x - 1 - 2x3 + 4x2 - 2x
= -3x3 + 2x2 - 5x - 5
f) ( a + b - c )2 - ( b - c )2 - 2a( b - c )
= [ ( a + b ) - c ]2 - ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) - 2ab + 2ac
= [ ( a + b )2 - 2( a + b )c + c2 ] - b2 + 2bc - c2 - 2ab + 2ac
= a2 + 2ab + b2 - 2ac - 2bc + c2 - b2 + 2bc - c2 - 2ab + 2ac
= a2
a) \(2\left(x-1\right)^2-4\left(3+x\right)^2+2x\left(x-5\right)\)
Dùng hẳng đẳng thức thứ nhất + hai :
= \(2\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot1+1^2\right)-4\left(3^2+2\cdot3\cdot x+x^2\right)+2x^2-10x\)
= \(2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4\left(9+6x+x^2\right)+2x^2-10x\)
= \(2x^2-4x+2-36-24x-4x^2+2x^2-10x\)
= \(-38x-34\)
b) 2(2x + 5)2 - 3(4x + 1)(1 - 4x)
Dùng đẳng thức thứ 1 + 3
= 2[(2x)2 + 2.2x.5 + 52 ] - (-3)[(4x)2 - 12 ]
= 2(4x2 + 20x + 25) - (-3).(16x2 - 1)
= 8x2 + 40x + 50 - (3 - 48x2)
= 8x2 + 40x + 50 - 3 + 48x2
= 56x2 + 40x + 47
c) (x - 1)3 - x(x - 3)2 + 1
Dùng đẳng thức 2 + 5:
= x3 - 3.x2.1 + 3.x.12 - 13 - x(x2 - 2.x.3 + 32) + 1
= x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1 - x3 + 6x2 - 9x + 1
= (x3 - x3) + (-3x2 + 6x2) + (3x - 9x) + (-1 + 1)
= 3x2 - 6x
d) (x + 2)3 - x2(x + 6)
= x3 + 3.x2.2 + 3.x.22 + 23 - x3 - 6x2
= x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 - x3 - 6x2
= (x3 - x3) + (6x2 - 6x2) + 12x + 8 = 12x + 8
e) Dùng đẳng thức thứ 3,4 và 2
= x2 - 4 - (x3 + 3.x2.1 + 3.x.12 + 13) - 2x(x2 - 2.x.1 + 12)
= x2 - 4 - (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) - 2x3 + 4x2 - 2x
= x2 - 4 - x3 - 3x2 - 3x - 1 - 2x3 + 4x2 - 2x
= (x2 - 3x2 + 4x2) + (-4 - 1) + (-x3 - 2x3) + (-3x - 2x)
= 2x2 - 5 - 3x3 - 5x
f) Đặt \(a+b-c=A\)
\(b-c=B\)
= \(A^2-B^2-2AB\)
= \(A^2-2AB+\left(-B\right)^2\)
\(=A^2-2AB+B^2\)
= (A - B)2
= (a + b - c - (b - c))2
= (a + b - c - b + c)2
= a2
x^2 -6x +10 = x^2 -2.x.3 +3^2 +1 = (x-3)^2 +1
Ma (x-3)^2 >=0 <=> (x-3)^2 +1 >=1>0 (voi moi x)
b) 4x - x^2 -5 = -(x^2 -4x +5) =-[(x^2 -4x +4)+1] = -[(x-2)^2 +1]
Ma (x+2)^2 >=0 <=> (x-2)^2 +1 >=1 <=> -[(x-2)^2 +1] <=-1 => -[(x-2)^2 +1] <0
2) a) P= x^2 -2x +5 = x^2 -2x +1 +4 = (x-1)^2 +4
Ta co: (x-1)^2 >=0 <=> (x-1)^2 +4 >=4
Vay gia tri nho nhat P=4 khi x=1
b) Q= 2x^2 -6x = 2(x^2 -3x) = 2(x^2 - 2.x.3/2 + 9/4 -9/4)= 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4]
Ta co: (x-3/2)^2 >=0 <=>(x-3/2)^2 -9/4 >= -9/4 <=> 2[(x-3/2)^2 -9/4] >= -9/2
Vay gia tri nho nhat Q= -9/2 khi x= 3/2
c) M= x^2 +y^2 -x +6y +10 = (x^2 -2.x.1/2 + 1/4) +(y^2 +2.y.3+9)+3/4
= ( x-1/2)^2 + (y+3)^2 +3/4
M>= 3/4
Vay GTNN cua M = 3/4 khi x=1/2 va y=-3
3)a) A= 4x - x^2 +3 = -(x^2 -4x -3) = -( x^2 -4x+4 -7) =-[(x-2)^2 -7]
Ta co: (x-2)^2>=0 <=> (x-2)^2 -7 >=-7 <=> -[(x-2)^2 -7] <=7
Vay GTLN A=7 khi x=2
b) B= x-x^2 = -(x^2 -2.x.1/2+1/4-1/4) = -[(x-1/2)^2 -1/4]
GTLN B= 1/4 khi x=1/2
c) N= 2x - 2x^2 -5 =-2( x^2 -x+5/2) = -2(x^2 - 2.x.1/2 +1/4 +9/4)
= -2[(x-1/2)^2 +9/4]
GTLN N= -9/2 khi x=1/2
a)\(\left(5x-1\right)^2-196=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-1\right)^2=196\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-1=14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
b)\(4x^2+\frac{1}{4}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+\frac{1}{4}-2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{4}\)
c)\(x^2-12x=-36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-12x+36=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-6\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=6\)
#H
a) (5x - 1)2 - 196 = 0
<=> (5x - 1 - 14)(5x - 1 + 14) = 0
<=> (5x - 15)(5x + 13) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}5x-15=0\\5x+13=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\x=-\frac{13}{5}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy S = {3; -13/5}
b) Ta có: 4x2 + 1/4 = 2x
<=> 16x2 - 8x + 1 = 0
<=> (4x - 1)2 = 0
<=> 4x- 1 = 0
<=> x = 1/4
Vậy S = {1/4}
c) x2 - 12x = -36
<=> x2 - 12x + 36 = 0
<=> (x - 6)2 0
<=> x - 6 = 0
<=> x = 6
Vậy S = {6}
Ta có:
\(VT=1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}+\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}+\frac{n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+n^2+2n+1+n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\frac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)+1\right]^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+1+2\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+1+2\left(n^2+1\right)}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+1+2n^2+2n}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2+2n+1+2n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
=>đpcm
Vì \(\sqrt{x}\)là một số hữu tỉ
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\)có dạng \(\frac{a}{b}\)(\(\frac{a}{b}\)là một phân số tối giản)
Vì \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)và theo đề bài \(\frac{a}{b}\ne0\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a,b\)là những số nguyên dương (1)
Vì \(\sqrt{x}\)có dạng \(\frac{a}{b}\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2\Rightarrow x=\frac{a^2}{b^2}\)(2)
Vì \(\frac{a}{b}\)là phân số tối giản
\(\Rightarrow a,b\)là hai số nguyên tố cùng nhau
\(\Rightarrow\)ƯCLN(a,b)=1
Vì \(a^2\) có Ư(a), \(b^2\)có Ư(b)
\(\Rightarrow a^2,b^2\) là hai số nguyên tố cùng nhau
\(\Rightarrow\)ƯCLN(\(a^2,b^2\))=1
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}\) là phân số tối giản (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3)
=>đpcm
b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
-Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)