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Phản ứng:
KClO3 + 6HCl →→ KCl + 3Cl2 ↑ + 3H2O.
0,1 0,3
Sau đó:
118,5gam kết tủa dạng nguyên tố gồm 0,6mol Cl và còn lại là 0,9mol Ag.
Theo đó, số mol AgNO3 là 0,9. Muối (M; NO3) biết khối lượng M là 16,8gam và số mol NO3 là 0,9
→ Lập tỉ lệ 16,8\0,9=56\3 → cho biết kim loại M là Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
\(2NaBr+Cl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\left(1\right)\\ m_{giảm}=m_{Br_2}-m_{Cl_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow n_{NaCl\left(1\right)}=n_{NaBr\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{13,35}{160-71}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{NaBr}=\dfrac{103.0,15}{42,6}.100\approx36,268\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{NaCl}\approx63,732\%\)
Bổ sung:
\(C\%_{ddNaBr\left(trongA\right)}=\dfrac{0,15.103}{200}.100=7,725\%\\ C\%_{ddNaCl\left(trongA\right)}=\dfrac{42,6-0,15.103}{200}.100=13,575\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4.15\%}{36,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,24}{2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V1=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ x=m_{Cu}=m_{hhA}-m_{Fe}=15,68-0,12.56=8,96\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,12+0,14=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V2=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,32.22,4=7,168\left(l\right)\\ y=m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{CuCl_2}=0,12.133,5+0,14.135=34,92\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{AgNO3}=\frac{780.1,09.10\%}{170}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,16.1,25==0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(AgNO_{3\left(dư\right)}+HCl\rightarrow AgCl+HNO_3\)
0,2_________0,2___________
\(n_{AgNO3\left(pư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(KBr+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgBr+KNO_3\)
a_______a___________
\(KI+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgI+KNO_3\)
b_______b____________
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,3\\119a+166b=45,1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C\%_{KBr}=\frac{119.0,1.10}{45,1+454,9}=2,38\%\)
PTHH ( I ) : \(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow2H_2O+Cl_2+MnCl_2\)
\(n_{MnO2}=\frac{m_{MnO2}}{M_{MnO2}}=\frac{13,05}{87}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
- Theo PTHH ( I ) : \(n_{Cl2}=n_{MnO2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=C_{MNaOH}.V_{NaOH}=1.0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH ( II ) :....... \(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaClO+NaCl+H_2O\)
Trước phản ứng : 0,15......0,4
Trong phản ứng :0,15.......0,3
Sau phản ứng : ....0...........0,1
=> Sau phản ứng Cl2 hết, NaOH dư ( dư 01 mol )
Nên sau phản ứng thu được dung dịch NaOH dư, NaClO, NaCl .
Theo PTHH ( II ) : \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaClO}=n_{Cl2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MNaOH}=\frac{n_{NaOH}}{V}=\frac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\\C_{MNaClO}=\frac{n_{NaClO}}{V}=\frac{0,15}{0,4}=0,375M\\C_{MNaCl}=\frac{n_{NaCl}}{V}=\frac{0,15}{0,4}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1. Gọi A là X2
Mg + X2 → MgX2
2Al + 3X2→ 2AlX3
Bảo toàn nguyên tố X:
2nMgX2 = 3nAlX3 ⇒ 2.9,5/(24 + 2X) = 3.8,9/(27 + 31X) ⇒ X = 35,5 (Cl)
Câu 1:
Ta có:
\(n_{AgCl}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaBr}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaI}:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2NaBr+Cl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\)
\(2NaI+Cl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+I_2\)
\(NaCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgCl\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}103a+150b=7,12\\a+b=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{NaBr}=57,87\%\\\%m_{NaI}=42,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 2:
\(2KBr+Cl_2\rightarrow2KCl+Br_2\)
______0,2_______0,2_____
\(n_{KCl}=\frac{14,9}{74,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(KBr\right)}=88,81.1,34=119\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KBr}=\frac{0,2.119}{119}.100\%=20\%\)