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1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Vì $abc=1$ nên:
\((a+bc)(b+ac)(c+ab)=a(a+bc)b(b+ac)c(c+ab)=(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^2+1)(1+b^2)\geq (a+b)^2; (a^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (a+c)^2; (b^2+1)(1+c^2)\geq (b+c)^2\)
Nhân theo vế và thu gọn:
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\geq (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
Lại có: Theo BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-abc\)
\(\geq (ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)-\frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}=\frac{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{9}(*)\) (đây là BĐT khá quen thuộc rồi)
Do đó:
\(P=\frac{(a+bc)(b+ca)(c+ab)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq \frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(P\geq \frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (*) và AM-GM:
\(\frac{7(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}\geq 7.\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{7}{9}(a+b+c)\geq \frac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}=\frac{7}{3}\)
\(\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)}}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{\frac{8}{9}(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}{8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)}}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{7}{3}+\frac{2}{3}=3\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=3$
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+1+1+1-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ca\right)\left(c+ab\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-1=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1\)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)( BĐT quen thuộc tự c/m)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)\(=3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(abc=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\left(AM-GM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> ...
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3+\frac{a+b+c-3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
KL:...........
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\\P=x^2+y^2+z^2\end{cases}}\)
\(6=x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\le x+y+z+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{9}{3}=3\)
2) \(S=a+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{15a}{16}+\left(\frac{a}{16}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(S\ge\frac{15a}{16}+2.\sqrt{\frac{a}{16}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{15.4}{16}+2.\sqrt{\frac{1}{16}}=\frac{15}{4}+2.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{15}{4}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{15}{4}+\frac{2}{4}=\frac{17}{4}\)
\(S=\frac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=4\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=\frac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=4\)
kudo shinichi sao cách làm giống của thầy Hồng Trí Quang vậy bạn?
\(S=a+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{15}{16}a+\left(\frac{a}{16}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\ge\frac{15}{16}a+2\sqrt{\frac{1.a}{16.a}}=\frac{15}{16}a+2.\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=\frac{15}{16}.4+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = 4
Vậy \(S_{min}=\frac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=4\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right).\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(=3a+1-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3ab}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}=3b+1-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{3bc}{2}\)(2); \(\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}=3c+1-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{3ca}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\ge\frac{5.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}{2}-\frac{3.3}{2}+3=\frac{15}{2}-\frac{9}{2}+3=6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}}=x;\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}=y;\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}}=z\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{ab+c}+\frac{bc}{bc+a}+\frac{ca}{ca+b}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{ab}{c}}{\frac{ab}{c}+1}+\frac{\frac{bc}{a}}{\frac{bc}{a}+1}+\frac{\frac{ca}{b}}{\frac{ca}{b}+1}=\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
a2(b+c)2+5bc+b2(a+c)2+5ac≥4a29(b+c)2+4b29(a+c)2=49(a2(1−a)2+b2(1−b)2)(vì a+b+c=1)
a2(1−a)2−9a−24=(2−x)(3x−1)24(1−a)2≥0(vì )<a<1)
⇒a2(1−a)2≥9a−24
tương tự: b2(1−b)2≥9b−24
⇒P⩾49(9a−24+9b−24)−3(a+b)24=(a+b)−94−3(a+b)24.
đặt t=a+b(0<t<1)⇒P≥F(t)=−3t24+t−94(∗)
Xét hàm (∗) được: MinF(t)=F(23)=−19
⇒MinP=MinF(t)=−19.dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=13