Tìm số nguyên x,y thỏa mãn:
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có \(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge2x.2xy=4x^2y..\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=1\\x^2=y^2\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1\right);\left(1;-1\right);\left(-1;1\right);\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x^2-2xy-3y^2=3x-y+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy-3x-3y^2+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(2y+3\right)-3y^2+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x\left(2y+3\right)+\left(2y+3\right)^2-\left(2y+3\right)^2-12y^2+4y-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-4y^2-12y-9-12y^2+4y-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-16y^2-8y-17=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(16y^2+8y+1\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(4y+1\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-6y-4\right)\left(2x+2y-2\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)=4\)
Đến đây bn tự giải nha
đoạn cuối là \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-1\right)=4\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
=>(x-1)(2y^2+y+1)= -2
lập hệ phương trình ng nguyên các ước của hai rồi giải
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
x2-25=y(y+6)
<=> x2-(y+3)2=16
<=> (x+y+3)(x-y-3) = \(\left(\pm4\right)\left(\pm4\right);\left(\pm2\right)\left(\pm8\right);\left(\pm1\right)\left(\pm16\right)\)
x-y | 7 | -1 | 5 | 1 | 11 | -5 | 4 | 2 | 12 | -13 |
x+y | 1 | 7 | 5 | -11 | -1 | 5 | 13 | -19 | -2 | -4 |
Đến đây áp dụng cách tính tổng hiệu là tìm được (x;y)
Vậy các cặp số nguyên (x;y) thỏa mãn cần tìm là:
(4;-3);(-4;-3);(5;0);(-5;-6);(5;-6);(5;-6);(-5;0)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
x^2 - 25 = y(y + 6)
<> x^2 - 25 + 9 = y^2 + 6y + 9
<> x^2 - 16 = (y + 3)^2
<> x^2 - (y + 3)^2 = 16
<>(x - y - 3)(x + y +3) = 16
vi x,y nguyên nên xay ra các trường hợp sau
+ x - y - 3 = 16 và x + y + 3 = 1 giải hệ này loại
+ x - y -3 = 8 và x + y + 3 = 2
<>x = 5 và y = -6
tương tự
.....................................
+ x - y - 3 =-8 và x + y + 3 = -2
bạn tự gải tiếp nhé
good luck
(x-y)(x-2)=11
=>\(\left(x-y;x-2\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(11;1\right);\left(-1;-11\right);\left(-11;-1\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x-2;x-y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(11;1\right);\left(-1;-11\right);\left(-11;-1\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x;x-y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;11\right);\left(13;1\right);\left(1;-11\right);\left(-9;-1\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(3;-8\right);\left(13;12\right);\left(1;12\right);\left(-9;-8\right)\right\}\)